Baranovichi offensive

The Baranovichi offensive was a battle fought on the Eastern Front during World War I between an army of Russia and the forces of Germany and Austria-Hungary in July 1916.

Baranovichi offensive
Part of the Eastern Front during World War I
Date 3–25 July 1916 Location Baranovichi (Then Russian Empire, present-day Belarus) Result Central Powers victory
Belligerents
Germany Austria-Hungary	Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Prince Leopold of Bavaria Remus von Woyrsch	Alexei Evert Alexander Ragoza
Strength
9th Army	4th Army
Casualties and losses
13,000–40,000	80,000–120,000

General Adams, Commander of a German division at the battle of Baranowitschi - Labusy in March 1917

Background

Concurrent to an attack by Russian Southwestern Front, the Russian Western Front was to launch an offensive in the direction of Vilna. However, the plan of attack was changed - instead of an attack on Vilna, the offensive was to target the area of Baranovichi. This change of direction came about due to orders from above, mediated in a vision to Grigory Rasputin, and accepted by the Tsar, as commander-in-chief. In early June 1916, the troops of the Southwestern Front began their offensive, achieving breakthroughs against the Austro-Hungarian army and advancing into Galicia. However, General A. E. Evert, commander of the Russian Western Front, twice postponed planned offensive towards Baranovichi, first on May 31, then on June 4, and then attempted to cancel the operation altogether. By order of Russian GHQ, General Evert was obliged to " attack the enemy on the front - Nowogrodek - Baranovichi" on June 3.

Battle

The Russian Fourth Army launched the first attack on July 2 with three army corps, but had stalled by the next day. The Russians revived the offensive on July 4 but again stalled after only two days of fighting. Under the cover of night on July 8, the Russians launched a third push but all Russian attacks were repulsed by the end of the following day. On July 14, the German Army counterattacked and took back all lost ground. A final Russian attempt was made from July 25 to July 29, but yet again failed.

Results

Despite months of preparation and a sixfold advantage in manpower and artillery, the Russians failed to break through the fortified German positions, seizing only the first fortified line in some areas of the offensive which was then lost to German counterattacks.

Literature

• John Keegan: Der erste Weltkrieg. Eine europaische Tragodie. Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-499-61194-5
• Norman Stone: The Eastern Front 1914–1917. Penguin Books Ltd., London 1998, ISBN 0-14-026725-5
• Christian Zentner: Der erste Weltkrieg. Daten, Fakten, Kommentare. Moewig, Rastatt 2000, ISBN 3-8118-1652-7

Sources

• Oleynikov, Alexey (2016). Россия-щит Антанты. С предисловием Николая Старикова. [Russia – the shield of the Entente] (in Russian). Foreword by Nikolai Starikov. St. Petersburg: Peter. ISBN 978-5-496-01795-4.