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45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot

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The 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1741. The regiment saw action during Father Le Loutre's War, the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War as well as the Peninsular War, the First Anglo-Burmese War and the Xhosa Wars. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) in 1881.

45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot
Badge of the 45th Regiment of Foot
Active1741–1881
Country Kingdom of Great Britain (1741–1800)
 United Kingdom (1801–1881)
Branch British Army
TypeLine Infantry
RoleInfantry
SizeOne battalion (two battalions 1804–1814)
Garrison/HQGlen Parva Barracks, Leicestershire
Nickname(s)"Old Stubborns"
EngagementsFather Le Loutre's War
French and Indian War
American Revolutionary War
Peninsular War
First Anglo-Burmese War
Xhosa Wars

History

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Houghton's Regiment / Warburton's Regiment

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Warburton's (45th) Regiment's Camp, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1750

The regiment was originally raised by Colonel Daniel Houghton as Houghton's Regiment in 1741 for service during the War of the Austrian Succession.[1] From 1745, the Regiment was named after Colonel Hugh Warburton.[2] It was first posted to Gibraltar in 1745, before moving to Nova Scotia in 1747 for garrison duty under the command of Warburton.[3]

Numbered Regiment

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The regiment was ranked as the 56th Regiment of Foot in 1747 but was re-ranked the following year as the 45th Regiment of Foot in 1748. On 1 July 1751 the regiment officially adopted the numerical system rather being named after the commander.[1][3] The regiment fell victim to a raid on Dartmouth in May 1751 during Father Le Loutre's War when French monarchist (natives and Acadians) from Chignecto, under the command of Acadian Joseph Broussard, raided Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, destroying the town, killing twenty British villagers and torturing and mutilating a sergeant from the 45th Foot.[4] The regiment then defeated the French monarchists (French soldiers, natives and Acadians) at the Battle of Fort Beauséjour in June 1755.[5] The regiment also took part in the Siege of Louisbourg in July 1758 during the French and Indian War.[6]

The regiment also saw action in North America during the American War of Independence, fighting at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776[7] before returning to England in 1778.[8] In 1779 the citizens of Nottinghamshire petitioned for the regiment to have the county name included in the regimental name:[9] this was granted and the regiment became the 45th (1st Nottinghamshire) Regiment.[1] In March 1786 the regiment embarked for the West Indies[10] and garrisoned Martinique, Dominica and Îles des Saintes during the French Revolutionary Wars.[11] In May 1801, on the home journey, some 150 French prisoners aboard the ship, the Windsor, overpowered the guard, locked the officers in their cabins and took possession of the ship.[12]

Notable soldiers

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Napoleonic wars

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In spring 1807 the regiment embarked on the disastrous British invasion of the River Plate:[17] it saw action at the Second Battle of Buenos Aires in July 1807 but, in the face of defeat, discipline collapsed and eleven men of the regiment completely disappeared.[18] However another unit of the regiment successfully charged the enemy, taking two howitzers and many prisoners.[19]

 
The Battle of Talavera, where the regiment won the nickname "Old Stubborns" in July 1809, by William Heath

The regiment embarked for Portugal in July 1808 to serve under General Sir Arthur Wellesley in the Peninsular War.[20] The regiment fought at the Battle of Roliça in August 1808,[21] the Battle of Vimeiro later that month[22] and the Battle of Talavera, where it won the nickname "Old Stubborns", in July 1809.[23] The regiment went on to fight at the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810[24] before falling back to the Lines of Torres Vedras.[25] It saw action again at Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811,[26] the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812[27] and the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812[28] before fighting at the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812[29] and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.[30] It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[31] the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813[32] and the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[33] as well as the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[34] The regiment returned home in June 1814.[35]

The regiment was sent to Ceylon in January 1819[36] and to Burma in 1824 for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War.[37] It formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava[38] and then returned to England in March 1838.[39]

The Victorian era

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Soldiers of the 45th Regiment fire upon John Tom (who styled himself "Sir William Courtenay") and his followers after they had killed Lieutenant Bennett, 1838

In May 1838 the regiment took part in the Battle of Bossenden Wood, a skirmish between a small group of labourers from the Hernhill, Dunkirk, and Boughton area and a detachment of soldiers of the 45th regiment sent from Canterbury to arrest the marchers' leader, the self-styled Sir William Courtenay, who was actually John Nichols Tom, a Truro maltster who had spent four years in Kent County Lunatic Asylum.[40]

In November 1839 the regiment was involved in suppressing the Newport Rising which had been organised by Chartist protestors.[41]

The regiment was deployed to South Africa in 1843 and saw action in the Seventh Xhosa War in 1846[42] and the Eighth Xhosa War in 1851[43] before returning home in 1859.[44] In 1866, the regiment became the 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot.[1] It took part in the British Expedition to Abyssinia in 1867.[45]

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 45th was linked with the 17th (Leicestershire) Regiment of Foot), and assigned to district no. 27 at Glen Parva Barracks in Leicestershire.[46] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment to form the Sherwood Foresters.[1]

Battle honours

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The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[1]

Colonels of the Regiment

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Colonels of the regiment were:[1]

  • 1741–1745: Brig-Gen. Daniel Houghton

45th Regiment of Foot – (1751)

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45th (Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot

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45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot

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  • 1866–1868: Gen. Thomas Armstrong Drought
  • 1868–1876: Gen. Frederick Horn, GCB
  • 1876–1878: Lt-Gen. Henry Cooper
  • 1878–1881: Gen. Sir Daniel Lysons, GCB

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  2. ^ "The London Gazette Issue 8444 Page 2" (pdf). London: London Gazette. 25 June 1745. Retrieved 15 July 2024. Hugh Warburton, Esq; to be Colonel of the Regiment of Foot whereof Daniel Houghton, Esq; was late Colonel
  3. ^ a b History of the 45th 1st Nottinghamshire regiment Sherwood foresters By Philip Hugh Dalbiac, p.7
  4. ^ Wilson, p. 16
  5. ^ Dalbiac, p. 8
  6. ^ Dalbiac, p. 9
  7. ^ Dalbiac, p. 11
  8. ^ Dalbiac, p. 12
  9. ^ Dalbiac, p. 13
  10. ^ Dalbiac, p. 14
  11. ^ Dalbiac, p. 18
  12. ^ Dalbiac, p. 19
  13. ^ "Winckworth Tonge". Hants County History. 1 January 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  14. ^ Selections from the public documents of the province of Nova Scotia p.627
  15. ^ "Patrick Sutherland". Canadian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  16. ^ Dunlap, William (1840). "History of the New Netherlands, Province of New York, and State of New York, to the Adoption of the Federal Constitution". p. 39.
  17. ^ Dalbiac, p. 22
  18. ^ Hughes, p. 212
  19. ^ Dalbiac, p. 45
  20. ^ Dalbiac, p. 48
  21. ^ Dalbiac, p. 52
  22. ^ Dalbiac, p. 53
  23. ^ Dalbiac, p. 62
  24. ^ Dalbiac, p. 61
  25. ^ Dalbiac, p. 76
  26. ^ Dalbiac, p. 79
  27. ^ Dalbiac, p. 87
  28. ^ Dalbiac, p. 93
  29. ^ Dalbiac, p. 103
  30. ^ Dalbiac, p. 111
  31. ^ Dalbiac, p. 117
  32. ^ Dalbiac, p. 119
  33. ^ Dalbiac, p. 125
  34. ^ Dalbiac, p. 127
  35. ^ Dalbiac, p. 129
  36. ^ Dalbiac, p. 132
  37. ^ Dalbiac, p. 133
  38. ^ Dalbiac, p. 135
  39. ^ Dalbiac, p. 140
  40. ^ Dalbiac, p. 143
  41. ^ "45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot". National Army Museum. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  42. ^ Dalbiac, p. 152
  43. ^ Dalbiac, p. 189
  44. ^ Dalbiac, p. 208
  45. ^ Dalbiac, p. 214
  46. ^ "Training Depots". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016.

Sources

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Further reading

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  • Wickes, H L (1974). Regiments of Foot. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-220-1.
  • Beckett, Ian FW (2003). Discovering English County Regiments. Osprey Publishing. pp. 94–96. ISBN 978-0-7478-0506-9.
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