Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae.[2][3]
| Scorzonera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scorzonera purpurea | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Cichorioideae |
| Tribe: | Cichorieae |
| Subtribe: | Scorzonerinae |
| Genus: | Scorzonera L. |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
List
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Species of the genus are found in Europe, Asia,[3] and Africa.[4] Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.[5]
Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the nutmeg, a species of moth.[citation needed]
Species
editThe following species are recognised in the genus Scorzonera:[1]
- Scorzonera adilii A.Duran
- Scorzonera alaica Lipsch.
- Scorzonera alba R.R.Stewart
- Scorzonera albertoregelia C.Winkl.
- Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge
- Scorzonera alborzensis S.R.Safavi & Amini Rad
- Scorzonera alpigena (K.Koch) Grossh.
- Scorzonera angustifolia L.
- Scorzonera aniana N.Kilian
- Scorzonera argyrea Boiss.
- Scorzonera aristata Ramond ex DC.
- Scorzonera armeniaca (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.
- Scorzonera bicolor Freyn & Sint.
- Scorzonera boissieri Lipsch.
- Scorzonera bracteosa C.Winkl.
- Scorzonera bungei Krasch. & Lipsch.
- Scorzonera bupleurifolia Pouzolz ex Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb.
- Scorzonera calcitrapifolia Vahl
- Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Hoffm.
- Scorzonera charadzae Papava
- Scorzonera coriacea A.Duran & Aksoy
- Scorzonera crassicaulis Rech.f.
- Scorzonera curvata (Popl.) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera deliciosa Guss. ex DC.
- Scorzonera dianthoides (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera drarii V.Tackh.
- Scorzonera ekimii A.Duran
- Scorzonera ferganica Krasch.
- Scorzonera fistulosa Brot.
- Scorzonera flaccida Rech.f.
- Scorzonera franchetii Lipsch.
- Scorzonera gageoides Boiss.
- Scorzonera glabra Rupr.
- Scorzonera gokcheoglui Ünal & Göktürk
- Scorzonera gorovanica Nazarova
- Scorzonera grigoraschvilii (Sosn.) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera grossheimii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
- Scorzonera grubovii Lipsch.
- Scorzonera helodes Rech.f.
- Scorzonera hondae Kitam.
- Scorzonera humilis L.
- Scorzonera idae (Sosn.) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera iliensis Krasch.
- Scorzonera isophylla Post
- Scorzonera ispahanica Boiss.
- Scorzonera joharchii S.R.Safavi
- Scorzonera karabelensis Parolly & N.Kilian
- Scorzonera karkasensis Safavi
- Scorzonera kirpicznikovii Lipsch.
- Scorzonera kozlowskyi Sosn. ex Grossh.
- Scorzonera kurtii Yıld.
- Scorzonera lacera Boiss. & Balansa
- Scorzonera lachnostegia (Woronow) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera laciniata L.
- Scorzonera limnophila Boiss.
- Scorzonera lindbergii Rech.f.
- Scorzonera luntaiensis C.Shih
- Scorzonera mariovoensis Micevski
- Scorzonera meshhedensis (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
- Scorzonera meyeri (K.Koch) Lipsch.
- Scorzonera microcalathia (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
- Scorzonera nivalis Boiss. & Hausskn.
- Scorzonera pacis Güzel, Kayıkçı & S.Yıldız
- Scorzonera pamirica C.Shih
- Scorzonera paradoxa Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.
- Scorzonera parviflora Jacq.
- Scorzonera persepolitana Boiss.
- Scorzonera persica Boiss. & Buhse
- Scorzonera petrovii Lipsch.
- Scorzonera pratorum (Krasch.) Stankov
- Scorzonera pulchra Lomak.
- Scorzonera purpurea L.
- Scorzonera racemosa Franch.
- Scorzonera radiata Fisch. ex Ledeb.
- Scorzonera radicosa Boiss.
- Scorzonera renzii Rech.f.
- Scorzonera rosea Waldst. & Kit.
- Scorzonera rupicola Hausskn.
- Scorzonera safievii Grossh.
- Scorzonera schischkinii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
- Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss.
- Scorzonera scopariiformis Lipsch.
- Scorzonera scyria M.A.Gust. & Snogerup
- Scorzonera sericeolanata (Bunge) Krasch. & Lipsch.
- Scorzonera serpentinica Rech.f.
- Scorzonera sinensis (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Nakai
- Scorzonera songorica (Kar. & Kir.) Lipsch. & Vassilcz.
- Scorzonera subaphylla Boiss.
- Scorzonera sublanata Lipsch.
- Scorzonera tadshikorum Krasch. & Lipsch.
- Scorzonera taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Scorzonera tragopogonoides Regel & Schmalh.
- Scorzonera transiliensis Popov
- Scorzonera tuberculata J.Thiébaut
- Scorzonera tunicata Rech.f. & Köie
- Scorzonera turkestanica Franch.
- Scorzonera tuzgoluensis A.Duran, B.Doğan & Makbul
- Scorzonera vavilovii Kult.
- Scorzonera veratrifolia Fenzl
- Scorzonera verrucosa Boiss.
- Scorzonera virgata DC.
- Scorzonera wendelboi Rech.f.
- Scorzonera xylobasis Rech.f.
- Scorzonera yemensis Podlech
- Scorzonera yildirimlii A.Duran & Hamzaoğlu
- Scorzonera zorkunensis Coșkunç. & Makbul
Etymology
editOne possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper's grass").[3]
Secondary metabolites
editSome Scorzonera species contain lactones, including members of the guaianolide class of sesquiterpene lactones.[6] Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.[7] Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.[8] One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.[9]
References
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scorzonera.
- ^ a b "Scorzonera L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
- ^ Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 978-0-88192-275-2.
- ^ a b c Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
- ^ Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.
- ^ Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
- ^ Zidorn, C. (2010). "Sesquiterpene lactones and their precursors as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Phytochemistry. 69 (12): 2270–96. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.06.013. ISSN 0031-9422. PMID 18715600.
- ^ Sareedenchai, V.; C. Zidorn (2010). "Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 935–57. Bibcode:2010BioSE..38..935S. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.006. ISSN 0305-1978.
- ^ Jehle, M.; et al. (2010). "Natural products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae)". Natural Product Communications. 5 (5): 725–27. doi:10.1177/1934578X1000500510. ISSN 1934-578X. PMID 20521536.
- ^ Zidorn, C.; et al. (2000). "Tyrolobibenzyls ‒ Novel secondary metabolites from Scorzonera humilis". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 83 (11): 2920–25. doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20001108)83:11<2920::AID-HLCA2920>3.0.CO;2-5. ISSN 0018-019X.