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[[File:HMS Liverpool Escorts Russian Carrier Admiral Kuznetsov MOD 45153590 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov|Russian aircraft carrier ''Admiral Kuznetsov'']] uses mazut as a fuel, leading to a visible trail of heavy black smoke that can be seen at a great distance. Russian naval officials have said that the failure to properly preheat the heavy mazut fuel prior to entering the combustion chamber may contribute to the heavy smoke trail associated with the ship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gao |first1=Charlie |title=Russia's Aircraft Carrier Is a Smokey Mess: Here's Why |url=https://news.yahoo.com/russias-aircraft-carrier-smokey-mess-203000719.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |access-date=26 July 2020}}</ref>]]
{{Short description|Fuel oil}}
'''Mazut''' ({{lang-ru|[[wikt:мазут|Мазут]]|[[wikt:mazut|Mazut]]}}) is a low-quality [[heavy fuel oil]], used in [[Power station|power plants]] and similar applications in
Mazut may be used for heating houses in some parts of the former [[USSR]] and in countries of the [[Far East]]{{clarify|date=July 2024}} that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more conventional petro-chemicals.
Mazut-100 is a [[fuel oil]] that is manufactured to [[GOST]] specifications, for example, GOST 10585-75 (not active) or GOST 10585-2013 (active as per December 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gostperevod.com/gost-10585-2013.html |title=GOST 10585-2013 – Petroleum fuel. Mazut. Specifications |date= |website=GostPerevod.com – Russia & CIS standards norms regulations in English |access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref>). Mazut is almost exclusively{{cn|date=July 2024}} manufactured in [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Turkmenistan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130958/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mazut Definition of mazut in English] by Oxford Dictionaries: ''Origin: Late 19th century; earliest use found in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature. From Russian mazut fuel oil, perhaps from an Azerbaijani Turkish derivative ultimately of Arabic zayt oil (plural zuyūt); probably unrelated to Russian regional mazutina oily stain (Tver′ region, 1897), Russian mazat′ to oil, to smear...''</ref> This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam, since the [[Heat of combustion|energy value]] is high.
The most important factor when grading this fuel is the [[sulfur]] content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a "dirty oil" product, and because [[viscosity]] drastically affects whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Much like No. 6 fuel oil ([[Bunker C]]), mazut is a refinery residual product, that is, products left over after [[gasoline]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]], and other light distillates are distilled from crude oil except, unlike bunker fuel, mazut is produced from much lower grade feedstocks.
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* The remaining volume available for export is sold according to state quotas, via state auctions, accessible only to Russian domestic companies.{{Cn|date=October 2022}}
Low- to high-sulfur mazut is available from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST 10585-99. The Russian origin mazut demands higher prices.{{cn|date=July 2024}}
==References==
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