Mazut: Difference between revisions

'''Mazut''' ({{lang-ru|[[wikt:мазут|Мазут]]|[[wikt:mazut|Mazut]]}}) is a low-quality [[heavy fuel oil]], used in [[Power station|power plants]] and similar applications. Inin Iran and some countries of the [[Unitedformer States]]Soviet andUnion. [[WesternIn Europe]]the West, by usingthrough [[Fluidfluid catalytic cracking|FCC]] or RFCC processes, mazut is blendeddistilled or broken down, with the end product beinginto [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and other light distillates.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019-12-15 |author=Keyvan Hosseini, Agnieszka Stefaniec |title=Efficiency assessment of Iran's petroleum refining industry in the presence of unprofitable output: A dynamic two-stage slacks-based measure |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544219318079 |journal=Energy |language=en |volume=189 |pages=116112 |doi=10.1016/j.energy.2019.116112 |bibcode=2019Ene...18916112H |s2cid=203996175 |issn=0360-5442}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prohibition of mazut consumption in Iran |url=https://farsicnn.com/?p=12289 |publisher= |date= |access-date=}}</ref>

Mazut may be used for heating houses in some parts of the former [[USSR]] and in countries of the [[Far East]]{{clarify|date=July 2024}} that do not have the facilities to blend or break it down into more conventional petro-chemicals. In the West, furnaces that burn mazut are commonly called "waste oil" heaters or "waste oil" furnaces.

thereMazut haveis beenburned signs ofin [[mazutIran]] burningto in iran tocompensate fillfor the shortage of [[Naturalnatural gas|Natural Gas]] but it has caused massive environmental problems, notablysuch causingas huge amounts of [[air pollution]] in big cities such as [[Tehran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-21 |title=Official: 'Iran Burning Mazut In 14 Power Plants' As Major Cities Suffer From Air Pollution - Iran Front Page |url=https://ifpnews.com/official-iran-burning-mazut-14-power-plants-major-cities-suffer-air-pollution/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=ifpnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Mazut-100 is a [[fuel oil]] that is manufactured to [[GOST]] specifications, for example, GOST&nbsp;10585-75 (not active) or GOST&nbsp;10585-2013 (active as per December 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gostperevod.com/gost-10585-2013.html |title=GOST 10585-2013 – Petroleum fuel. Mazut. Specifications |date= |website=GostPerevod.com – Russia & CIS standards norms regulations in English |access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref>). Mazut is almost exclusively{{cn|date=July 2024}} manufactured in [[Russia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Turkmenistan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180321130958/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mazut Definition of mazut in English] by Oxford Dictionaries: ''Origin: Late 19th century; earliest use found in Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature. From Russian mazut fuel oil, perhaps from an Azerbaijani Turkish derivative ultimately of Arabic zayt oil (plural zuyūt); probably unrelated to Russian regional mazutina oily stain (Tver′ region, 1897), Russian mazat′ to oil, to smear...''</ref> This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam, since the [[Heat of combustion|energy value]] is high.

The most important factor when grading this fuel is the [[sulfur]] content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a "dirty oil" product, and because [[viscosity]] drastically affects whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is muchMuch like No.&nbsp;6 fuel oil ([[Bunker&nbsp;C]]), andmazut is parta ofrefinery theresidual product, that is, products left over after [[gasoline]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]], and lighterother light componentsdistillates are evaporateddistilled from the crude oil except, unlike bunker fuel, mazut is produced from much lower grade feedstocks.

The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:<ref>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=s7zuiR7IAKMC&dq=Mazut&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q=Mazut&f=false Mazut], Page 54, CIR Staff Paper, Center for International Research (U.S.), Publisher: U.S.S.R. Input-Output Branch, Center for International Research, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1984.</ref>

Low- to high-sulfur mazut is available from Russia and other CIS countries (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The technical specifications are represented in the same way, according to the Russian GOST&nbsp;10585-99. The Russian origin mazut demands higher prices.{{cn|date=July 2024}}