Mapping Submerged Habitats and Mangroves of Lampi Island Marine National Park (Myanmar) from in Situ and Satellite Observations
"> Figure 1
<p>Study area with location of fieldwork activities performed from 28 February to 4 March 2015. Pink dots show the 152 stations investigated in the marine survey. Yellow triangles show positions where mangroves forests have been identified. Green dots indicate the sites sampled on 28 February in the southern part of the island at the time of Landsat-8 data acquisition (used as background).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Satellite image processing scheme adopted in this study for mapping mangroves, corals, and seagrass habitats.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Comparison of <span class="html-italic">in situ</span> (continuous lines) and OLI derived spectra (dots) for water and terrestrial targets. On left, WISP-3 Rrs values (sr<sup>−1</sup> units) are plotted with the 6SV-derived reflectances divided by π. On right, SE reflectances R (dimensionless) of sandy and gravel beaches are compared with those provided by ATCOR-3. On the secondary y-axis, both plots show the irradiance values E at the time of image acquisition measured <span class="html-italic">in situ</span> (continuous line) and estimated running the atmospheric correction codes (triangles).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Scatterplot of OLI derived bottom depths and <span class="html-italic">in situ</span> PSD-2 bathymetric data measured in 133 sites of Lampi Island coastal zones. The regression line between data is plotted with equation and linear regression coefficient (<span class="html-italic">R</span><sup>2</sup>). Dotted line shows the 1:1 line.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Map showing mangrove, seagrass, and coral distribution obtained from the classification of OLI image. T1-T4 identify transects of biodiversity hot-spots, B1–B3 identify bays where the OLI classification results were compared with finer spatial resolution RapidEye imagery.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Depth profiles of four transects (<span class="html-italic">cf.</span> <a href="#remotesensing-08-00002-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>) with relative bottom cover classes. Transects start from the coastline and extend for about 400 m. All transects have been selected in correspondence of bays where also mangrove forests have been detected.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Comparison between RapidEye true-colour images (on the left) and classification results (on the right, from OLI data) obtained in three bays in the southern part of Lampi Island. Location of the bays is shown in <a href="#remotesensing-08-00002-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>. Crosses identify the same coordinates in both images; circles and dots correspond to <span class="html-italic">in situ</span> stations.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Campaign
2.2. Image Pre-Processing and Classification Strategy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Atmospheric Correction and Bottom Depth Retrieval
3.2. Coastal Habitat Mapping
3.3. Classification Accuracy
in Situ Data | Total | User Accuracy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deep Waters | Corals | Seagrass | Sand-Rubble | ||||
Image data | Deep waters | 40 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 59 | 68% |
Corals | 1 | 24 | 0 | 6 | 31 | 77% | |
Seagrass | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 50% | |
Sand-rubble | 0 | 6 | 1 | 46 | 53 | 87% | |
Total | 41 | 41 | 6 | 61 | Overall accuracy | 76% | |
Producer accuracy | 98% | 58% | 50% | 75% |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Giardino, C.; Bresciani, M.; Fava, F.; Matta, E.; Brando, V.E.; Colombo, R. Mapping Submerged Habitats and Mangroves of Lampi Island Marine National Park (Myanmar) from in Situ and Satellite Observations. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010002
Giardino C, Bresciani M, Fava F, Matta E, Brando VE, Colombo R. Mapping Submerged Habitats and Mangroves of Lampi Island Marine National Park (Myanmar) from in Situ and Satellite Observations. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiardino, Claudia, Mariano Bresciani, Francesco Fava, Erica Matta, Vittorio E. Brando, and Roberto Colombo. 2016. "Mapping Submerged Habitats and Mangroves of Lampi Island Marine National Park (Myanmar) from in Situ and Satellite Observations" Remote Sensing 8, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8010002