IEC 61850 Configuration Solution to Distributed Intelligence in Distribution Grid Automation
<p>The topological region of distribution feeders and an Interconnected Feeders’ Group (IFG).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The neighborhood topology and IFG topology for an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram of <span class="html-italic">Process</span> and <span class="html-italic">Line</span> classes and the equipment type extensions.</p> "> Figure 4
<p><span class="html-italic">Process</span> and <span class="html-italic">Line</span> elements to describe the Medium Voltage (MV) feeder topology.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram of a CID (Configured IED Description) file instance.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The successful case of an IED’s automatic identification.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The simulated Distribution Automation Systems (DAS) and some Logical Node (LN) allocations.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Disturbance recording and DTT signal of Step1; (<b>b</b>) Switching actions of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) grid-on/off breakers of Step 1.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>(<b>a</b>) Disturbance recording and DTT signal of Step2; (<b>b</b>) Switching actions of the DER grid-on/off breakers of Step 2.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Configuration Requirements of the DAS
2.1. System Boundary of a Configuration Project
2.2. Topology Configuration for Distributed Applications
- Type B: The IED supports the basic Distribution Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (DSCADA), which is just a server or controlled station to the master station and other client IEDs. Thus, it needs no topology configuration.
- Type D1: In addition to the DSCADA function, the IED also knows its immediate neighbors within the distribution network to realize the decentralized DA functions. It is not only a server or controlled station but is also a client or controlling station to the adjacent IEDs.For example, the distributed fault location and isolation unit needs to know its immediate neighbors. In Figure 2, the neighborhood topology of IED0 is colored in light gray, including the devices S1 to S9, Line0-1 to Line0-3, and the busbar in 10 kV_RMU0.
- Type D2: In addition to the DSCADA function and the communication with its immediate neighbors, the IED also communicates with remote IEDs to achieve the distributed applications. It is not only a server or controlled station but is also a client or controlling station to remote IEDs, which are beyond its neighborhood topology but within the IFG.For example, the DTT based anti-islanding function and the decentralized service restoration function need to be configured with the static topology of the whole IFG. The IFG topology of an IED includes the internal area of this IED and the external feeder trunk of the IFG. It also contains the grid-on/off breakers of DER plants. In Figure 2, the IFG topology of IED0 consists of both the light gray and the dark gray portions. The Type D2 IED can obtain all the switches’ statues along the feeder trunk and determine the dynamic topology. Then it builds the data flow in real-time and performs the distributed functions autonomously.
2.3. Automatic Identification of IEDs for Remote Configuration
3. New SCL Model and Configuration Contents
3.1. SCL Extensions to Distribution Network
3.2. Configuration Contents
3.3. CID File Design
4. Automatic Identification and Configuration Process of IEDs
- All the configuration files transferred between the configuration workstation and the feeder IEDs can be locally or remotely uploaded/downloaded, but, as aforementioned in Section 2.3, a remote approach is preferred.
- The remote configuration workstation can be any node in the communication network, but the master station is a better choice because it always needs the system configuration files and has a solid foundation for cyber and physical security. Thus we set up the remote Configuration Workstation at the Master Station (called CWMS for short).
- Typically, each distribution substation is equipped with one or more IEDs in the advanced DAS, but there is only one central IED for each distribution substation. It collects the station-wide data and communicates with other IEDs to perform the distributed applications. The configuration process in this paper is aimed at these central IEDs.
4.1. Automatic Identification of IEDs
4.2. First Configuration for an IFG System
- The configuration engineer at the master station has obtained the single line diagram of the IFG from the planning personnel. An SSD file of the IFG is produced according to the extended SCL scheme.
- When all the IED1 to IEDn have registered and their IID files have been received successfully, the configuration engineer starts the system integration. The SSD file and IID files (1 to n) are input to the system configuration toolkit. The toolkit correlates the IID files with specific distribution substations based on the UIDs. It establishes the data flows between different IEDs to fulfill the distributed functions.
- The SCD file, IED names (1 to n), and IED types (1 to n) are put into the IED configurator. It makes the SCD file into a CID file for each IED. The CID file contains the topology information and data flow, as defined in Section 3.2 and Section 3.3.
- When CID files (1 to n) have been generated, they are delivered to IED1~IEDn remotely. IED1~IEDn will restart to register and enable the new CID files automatically.
4.3. Configuration Updates for System Changes
4.3.1. Update for Static Topology Changes
- (a)
- If there is a new distribution substation added into this IFG, a new IED will be recognized and configured.
- i.
- The SSD file is renewed according to the new diagram.
- ii.
- The configuration engineer retrieves the current SCD file from the SCD database and inputs the current SCD file, new IID file and renewed SSD file into the system configurator. Then, the system is re-integrated and a renewed SCD file is output.
- iii.
- The renewed SCD file and the new IED name and type are input onto the IED configurator. Then, the new CID file for this IED is output. Other existing IEDs having data flows with this IED also need to update the CID files, wherein the CID files are produced with the method in Section 4.2.
- iv.
- The new and updated CID files are remotely uploaded onto respective IEDs.
- (b)
- If there is an obsolete distribution substation removed from this IFG, the IED deletion cannot be recognized automatically but should be informed to the configuration engineer manually. The engineer should subtract the distribution substation and the IED from the current SCD file, forming the renewed SCD file. Existing IEDs that previously had data flows with this IED need to update the CID files, which are produced with the method in Section 4.2.
- (c)
- If there are topology changes within a distribution substation, the IID file of this IED will certainly be updated and recognized. Then the configuration process is the same as scenario (a).
4.3.2. Update for a Modified/Substituted IED
5. Case Study
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IED Type | Process Section | Communication Section | IED Section |
---|---|---|---|
Type B | n.a. 1 |
|
|
Type D1 | neighborhood topology |
|
|
Type D2 | the IFG topology |
|
|
Local IED | Local Switch | Adjacent Switch | Neighbor IED | LN Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
IED0 | S1 | S6 | IED3 |
|
IED0 | S2 | S4 | IED1 |
|
IED0 | S3 | S5 | IED2 |
|
Neighbor IED | IP:Port:Access Point | Needed Data Reference | Data-set Reference | Common Data Class |
---|---|---|---|---|
IED1 | 192.168.1.11:102:S1 | IED1Ctrl/CSWI2.Pos | IED1Ctrl/LN0.SwitchPos, | DPC 1, |
IED2 | 192.168.1.12:102:S1 | IED2Ctrl/CSWI2.Pos | IED2Ctrl/LN0.SwitchPos, | DPC, |
IED3 | 192.168.1.13:102:S1 | IED3Ctrl/CSWI1.Pos | IED3Ctrl/LN0.SwitchPos, | DPC |
Attribute | Attribute Type | Explanation |
---|---|---|
Request | ||
IED Name | VISIBLE STRING64 | IED name used by the configuration engineer on site, which is same as the unique identity of the distribution substation. |
IID file version | VISIBLE STRING255 | Version number of the IID file. |
IID file revision | VISIBLE STRING255 | Revision number of the IID file. |
CRC code of the IID file | OCTET STRING32 | The 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check code of the IID file, which is to prevent mal-operations about the IID file. |
CID file version | VISIBLE STRING255 | Version number of the CID file. It should be 0 if the IED has no existing CID file. |
CID file revision | VISIBLE STRING255 | Revision number of the CID file. It should be 0 if there is no existing CID file. |
CRC code of the CID file | OCTET STRING32 | The 32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check code of the CID file, which is to prevent mal-operations about the CID file. It should be 0 if there is no existing CID file. |
IED type | ENUMERATED | IED type enumerations: (0):B|(1):D1|(2):D2. |
Response+ | ||
Registration result | ENUMERATED | Configuration state of the registering IED, results comprise the enumerations:
|
Response− | ||
ServiceError | ENUMERATED | As defined in [10]. |
XCBR Class | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Data Object Name | Common Data Class | Explanation | T 1 | M/O/C 2 |
LNName | n.a. | The name shall be composed of the class name, the LN-Prefix, and LN Instance-ID ,according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22. | n.a. | n.a. |
Data Objects | ||||
Inherit all the data objects of XCBR class in IEC 61850-7-4 | ||||
Settings | ||||
TrRef | ORG | The extended source reference of the transfer trip signal, which must refer to data of type ACT 3. | False | O |
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Zhu, Z.; Xu, B.; Brunner, C.; Yip, T.; Chen, Y. IEC 61850 Configuration Solution to Distributed Intelligence in Distribution Grid Automation. Energies 2017, 10, 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040528
Zhu Z, Xu B, Brunner C, Yip T, Chen Y. IEC 61850 Configuration Solution to Distributed Intelligence in Distribution Grid Automation. Energies. 2017; 10(4):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040528
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhu, Zhengyi, Bingyin Xu, Christoph Brunner, Tony Yip, and Yu Chen. 2017. "IEC 61850 Configuration Solution to Distributed Intelligence in Distribution Grid Automation" Energies 10, no. 4: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040528