Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, Apr 22, 2019
ABSTRACT. Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Noctuidae) is a common crop pest causing extensive loss of... more ABSTRACT. Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Noctuidae) is a common crop pest causing extensive loss of crop yields despite several efforts and diverse measures taken. As utilization of synthetic pesticides in the fields have caused ecological disturbances and lethal effects on humans and organisms; present studies explore Thevetia neriifolia (Apocynaceae), a widely used ornamental plant, against H. armigera as an alternate control measure. The study investigates the dietary effects of hexane and methanol extracts of T. neriifolia stems (HSE, MSE) on the activity of midgut enzymes of H. armigera, the alterations in which could hamper its growth and development. Different concentrations of the stem extracts, ranging from 0.001% to 0.02%, were incorporated in the diet of early IV instars of H. armigera. Effect of each extract was assessed by estimating the activity of four midgut enzymes; alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of cotton boll worm. Investigations showed that dietary stem extracts resulted in significant and dose-dependent reduced activity of all the enzymes. The percent inhibition of the enzymatic activity was higher with dietary MSE of T. neriifolia as compared to the hexane stem extract. Also, the enzyme inhibition effects of extracts were more pronounced on phosphatases in comparison to transaminases. Larval feeding with T. neriifolia MSE diminished ALT activity by 26.95% to 49.79% and AST activity by 11.02% to 56.53%, whereas the ACP and ALP activity decreased by 44.65% to 87.61% and 21.97% to 85.97%, respectively. On the other hand, HSE inhibited ALT activity by 29.43% to 41.67% and AST activity by just 2.72% to 47.08%. However, a respective reduction of 14.58% to 78.44% and 32.73% to 78.07% was noticed in ACP and ALP activity with dietary HSE. The GC-MS analysis of the stem hexane and methanol extracts of T. neriifolia reveals the presence of 39 and 30 phyto-chemicals, respectively. Investigations showed the possible use of T. neriifolia extracts as a growth regulatory agent against H. armigera. Identification and isolation of bioactive compounds require further investigations.
The knowledge of reproductive fitness in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes could be important ... more The knowledge of reproductive fitness in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes could be important in planning and implementing mosquito control programs. The laboratory studies were carried out to reveal the variations in the reproductive fitness of parent (AnS) and ...
Abstract The present investigations involve the laboratory study of biocontrol potential of hexan... more Abstract The present investigations involve the laboratory study of biocontrol potential of hexane extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns; Long pepper, Piper longum L., Black pepper, P. nigrum, and White pepper, P. nigrum against larval forms of Aedes ...
The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and ec... more The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and eco-friendly plant products is futuristic, preventing the environment from toxic and harmful chemicals. The present study aimed to investigate whole beetroot (BR, Beta vulgaris) for its anti-corrosion behaviour by galvanostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques at a temperature between 298 K- 328 K. The temperature study would help in proposing BR's adsorption mechanism on metal surfaces. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94% at 298 K for 5% BR was observed, whereas a minimum of 75% was obtained for 1% BR at 328 K. It was found to be a mixed-type inhibitor that followed Langmuir isotherm. From thermodynamic studies, ΔGoads was found to be -13.64 kJ/mol, which revealed that BR adsorbed physically on the surface of mild steel. Rct values increased while Cdl values decreased on exposure of metal surface with BR extract. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and...
Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue... more Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue, Chikungunya, Malaria, encephalitis and yellow fever, etc. Management of mosquito-borne diseases largely relies on the vector management because of the lack of effective medication and vaccination. Several strategies have been formulated and applied in the fields to control mosquitoes; yet there is a continued rise in mosquito-borne diseases leading to sufferings and morbidities. Presently, chemical interventions are the most preferred methods which has impacted human health and the environment negatively. These issues have created a demand to devise novel approaches which can be used safely and effectively for mosquito management. Thus, several innovative mosquito control interventions have been devised based on genetic, physical and behavioral modifications in mosquitoes. These strategies span from Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL), creating transgenics with abnormal and lethal genes, gene drive technology, reducing the vectorial capacity by Wolbachia infection and application of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB), or by lasers and light detectors to investigate their behavior, and enhance their trap and kill. This Chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the conventional, and novel and innovative techniques devised for the control of mosquito vectors.
Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agr... more Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agricultural loss. Overuse of conventional insecticides for Helicoverpa control has made Helicoverpa resistant to insecticides leading to more severe attacks on crops diverting interest of researchers to explore alternate control agents. Present study investigates the cidal and antifeedant potential of Emamectin benzoate; a semi-synthetic avermectin derived from the soil actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis; against early IV instars of H. armigera. Larvae were fed on the castor leaf discs (3.5 cm diameter) dipped in different concentrations of Emamectin benzoate; ranging from 0.05 µg/mL-1.5 µg/mL. The leaf disc areas were measured pre-and post-larval feeding to estimate the antifeedant potential of compound. The effect of feeding was also assessed on the survival of larvae by scoring the larval mortality till 96 h. Our investigations showed significant larvicidal potential of Emamectin b...
Aedes-borne diseases are of worldwide concern due to the lack of effective medicine and vaccinati... more Aedes-borne diseases are of worldwide concern due to the lack of effective medicine and vaccination. Frequent use of chemical intervention has developed insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and posed health risks to humans and the environment, necessitating an effective and safer intervention. Graphene Oxide (GO) is an efficient material that can absorb pesticide particles and release pesticide macromolecules in a controlled manner. With the proposition that magnetic graphene oxide (MGO)-based nanoformulations can be an eco-safe and effective material for pesticide conjugation, the present study synthesized these nanoformulations conjugated with a pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DL) through chemical co-precipitation method. The formulations were validated using biophysical techniques and investigated for their efficacy against Aedes aegypti. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of nanocomposites showed six intense diffraction peaks of Fe3O4 particles, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)...
Background Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising “attract and kill”-based approach fo... more Background Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising “attract and kill”-based approach for mosquito control. It is a combination of flower nectar/fruit juice to attract the mosquitoes, sugar solution to stimulate feeding, and a toxin to kill them. Selecting an effective attractant and optimizing concentration of toxicant is significant in the formulation of ATSB. Methods Current study formulated an ATSB using fruit juice, sugar and deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. It was evaluated against two laboratory strains of Anopheles stephensi. Initial studies evaluated comparative attractiveness of nine different fruit juices to An. stephensi adults. Nine ASBs were prepared by adding fermented juices of plum, guava, sweet lemon, orange, mango, pineapple, muskmelon, papaya, and watermelon with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1:1 ratio. Cage bioassays were conducted to assess relative attraction potential of ASBs based on the number of mosquito landings on each and the most effectiv...
Advances in Diptera - Insight, Challenges and Management Tools
Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue... more Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue, Chikungunya, Malaria, encephalitis and yellow fever, etc. Management of mosquito-borne diseases largely relies on the vector management because of the lack of effective medication and vaccination. Several strategies have been formulated and applied in the fields to control mosquitoes; yet there is a continued rise in mosquito-borne diseases leading to sufferings and morbidities. Presently, chemical interventions are the most preferred methods which has impacted human health and the environment negatively. These issues have created a demand to devise novel approaches which can be used safely and effectively for mosquito management. Thus, several innovative mosquito control interventions have been devised based on genetic, physical and behavioral modifications in mosquitoes. These strategies span from Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL), cr...
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, Apr 22, 2019
ABSTRACT. Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Noctuidae) is a common crop pest causing extensive loss of... more ABSTRACT. Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Noctuidae) is a common crop pest causing extensive loss of crop yields despite several efforts and diverse measures taken. As utilization of synthetic pesticides in the fields have caused ecological disturbances and lethal effects on humans and organisms; present studies explore Thevetia neriifolia (Apocynaceae), a widely used ornamental plant, against H. armigera as an alternate control measure. The study investigates the dietary effects of hexane and methanol extracts of T. neriifolia stems (HSE, MSE) on the activity of midgut enzymes of H. armigera, the alterations in which could hamper its growth and development. Different concentrations of the stem extracts, ranging from 0.001% to 0.02%, were incorporated in the diet of early IV instars of H. armigera. Effect of each extract was assessed by estimating the activity of four midgut enzymes; alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of cotton boll worm. Investigations showed that dietary stem extracts resulted in significant and dose-dependent reduced activity of all the enzymes. The percent inhibition of the enzymatic activity was higher with dietary MSE of T. neriifolia as compared to the hexane stem extract. Also, the enzyme inhibition effects of extracts were more pronounced on phosphatases in comparison to transaminases. Larval feeding with T. neriifolia MSE diminished ALT activity by 26.95% to 49.79% and AST activity by 11.02% to 56.53%, whereas the ACP and ALP activity decreased by 44.65% to 87.61% and 21.97% to 85.97%, respectively. On the other hand, HSE inhibited ALT activity by 29.43% to 41.67% and AST activity by just 2.72% to 47.08%. However, a respective reduction of 14.58% to 78.44% and 32.73% to 78.07% was noticed in ACP and ALP activity with dietary HSE. The GC-MS analysis of the stem hexane and methanol extracts of T. neriifolia reveals the presence of 39 and 30 phyto-chemicals, respectively. Investigations showed the possible use of T. neriifolia extracts as a growth regulatory agent against H. armigera. Identification and isolation of bioactive compounds require further investigations.
The knowledge of reproductive fitness in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes could be important ... more The knowledge of reproductive fitness in susceptible and resistant mosquitoes could be important in planning and implementing mosquito control programs. The laboratory studies were carried out to reveal the variations in the reproductive fitness of parent (AnS) and ...
Abstract The present investigations involve the laboratory study of biocontrol potential of hexan... more Abstract The present investigations involve the laboratory study of biocontrol potential of hexane extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns; Long pepper, Piper longum L., Black pepper, P. nigrum, and White pepper, P. nigrum against larval forms of Aedes ...
The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and ec... more The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and eco-friendly plant products is futuristic, preventing the environment from toxic and harmful chemicals. The present study aimed to investigate whole beetroot (BR, Beta vulgaris) for its anti-corrosion behaviour by galvanostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques at a temperature between 298 K- 328 K. The temperature study would help in proposing BR's adsorption mechanism on metal surfaces. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94% at 298 K for 5% BR was observed, whereas a minimum of 75% was obtained for 1% BR at 328 K. It was found to be a mixed-type inhibitor that followed Langmuir isotherm. From thermodynamic studies, ΔGoads was found to be -13.64 kJ/mol, which revealed that BR adsorbed physically on the surface of mild steel. Rct values increased while Cdl values decreased on exposure of metal surface with BR extract. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and...
Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue... more Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue, Chikungunya, Malaria, encephalitis and yellow fever, etc. Management of mosquito-borne diseases largely relies on the vector management because of the lack of effective medication and vaccination. Several strategies have been formulated and applied in the fields to control mosquitoes; yet there is a continued rise in mosquito-borne diseases leading to sufferings and morbidities. Presently, chemical interventions are the most preferred methods which has impacted human health and the environment negatively. These issues have created a demand to devise novel approaches which can be used safely and effectively for mosquito management. Thus, several innovative mosquito control interventions have been devised based on genetic, physical and behavioral modifications in mosquitoes. These strategies span from Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL), creating transgenics with abnormal and lethal genes, gene drive technology, reducing the vectorial capacity by Wolbachia infection and application of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB), or by lasers and light detectors to investigate their behavior, and enhance their trap and kill. This Chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the conventional, and novel and innovative techniques devised for the control of mosquito vectors.
Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agr... more Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agricultural loss. Overuse of conventional insecticides for Helicoverpa control has made Helicoverpa resistant to insecticides leading to more severe attacks on crops diverting interest of researchers to explore alternate control agents. Present study investigates the cidal and antifeedant potential of Emamectin benzoate; a semi-synthetic avermectin derived from the soil actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis; against early IV instars of H. armigera. Larvae were fed on the castor leaf discs (3.5 cm diameter) dipped in different concentrations of Emamectin benzoate; ranging from 0.05 µg/mL-1.5 µg/mL. The leaf disc areas were measured pre-and post-larval feeding to estimate the antifeedant potential of compound. The effect of feeding was also assessed on the survival of larvae by scoring the larval mortality till 96 h. Our investigations showed significant larvicidal potential of Emamectin b...
Aedes-borne diseases are of worldwide concern due to the lack of effective medicine and vaccinati... more Aedes-borne diseases are of worldwide concern due to the lack of effective medicine and vaccination. Frequent use of chemical intervention has developed insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and posed health risks to humans and the environment, necessitating an effective and safer intervention. Graphene Oxide (GO) is an efficient material that can absorb pesticide particles and release pesticide macromolecules in a controlled manner. With the proposition that magnetic graphene oxide (MGO)-based nanoformulations can be an eco-safe and effective material for pesticide conjugation, the present study synthesized these nanoformulations conjugated with a pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DL) through chemical co-precipitation method. The formulations were validated using biophysical techniques and investigated for their efficacy against Aedes aegypti. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of nanocomposites showed six intense diffraction peaks of Fe3O4 particles, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)...
Background Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising “attract and kill”-based approach fo... more Background Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising “attract and kill”-based approach for mosquito control. It is a combination of flower nectar/fruit juice to attract the mosquitoes, sugar solution to stimulate feeding, and a toxin to kill them. Selecting an effective attractant and optimizing concentration of toxicant is significant in the formulation of ATSB. Methods Current study formulated an ATSB using fruit juice, sugar and deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. It was evaluated against two laboratory strains of Anopheles stephensi. Initial studies evaluated comparative attractiveness of nine different fruit juices to An. stephensi adults. Nine ASBs were prepared by adding fermented juices of plum, guava, sweet lemon, orange, mango, pineapple, muskmelon, papaya, and watermelon with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1:1 ratio. Cage bioassays were conducted to assess relative attraction potential of ASBs based on the number of mosquito landings on each and the most effectiv...
Advances in Diptera - Insight, Challenges and Management Tools
Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue... more Mosquitoes are the important global vectors transmitting diseases of human concern such as dengue, Chikungunya, Malaria, encephalitis and yellow fever, etc. Management of mosquito-borne diseases largely relies on the vector management because of the lack of effective medication and vaccination. Several strategies have been formulated and applied in the fields to control mosquitoes; yet there is a continued rise in mosquito-borne diseases leading to sufferings and morbidities. Presently, chemical interventions are the most preferred methods which has impacted human health and the environment negatively. These issues have created a demand to devise novel approaches which can be used safely and effectively for mosquito management. Thus, several innovative mosquito control interventions have been devised based on genetic, physical and behavioral modifications in mosquitoes. These strategies span from Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL), cr...
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