Books by John P Racine
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The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching explores the theoretical and practical aspect... more The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching explores the theoretical and practical aspects of English language instruction by providing an essential, go-to reference resource for educators, professionals, researchers, and students worldwide. Over 750 entries written by leading practitioners and scholars from around the globe reflect the collaborative efforts of a truly international team of editors and advisory board members. The Encyclopedia is arranged thematically and entries are ordered A-Z within each of these themes. Fourteen key topic areas are covered:
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The Sociolinguistics of Hip-hop as Social Conscience, 2018
This chapter presents a diachronic, corpus-based study of mainstream American rap. By analyzing l... more This chapter presents a diachronic, corpus-based study of mainstream American rap. By analyzing lyrical themes and conducting a genre analysis of lyrics from the past and present, the author demonstrates that expressions of dissatisfaction and dissent have all but disappeared from contemporary American rap. Didactic messages from “authentic”, streetwise artists of the past have been replaced with more introspective lyrical content from current artists. The data indicates that while the focus of lyrical themes and genres has shifted over the years, the demographics of the artists who create them has not. The most influential rap artists have remained almost exclusively Black and male from the birth of rap music until today.
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Papers by John P Racine
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The Sociolinguistics of Hip-hop as Critical Conscience, 2017
This chapter presents a diachronic corpus-based study of mainstream American rap. By analyzing ly... more This chapter presents a diachronic corpus-based study of mainstream American rap. By analyzing lyrical themes and conducting a genre analysis of lyrics from the past and present, the author demonstrates that expressions of dissatisfaction and dissent have all but disappeared from contemporary American rap. Didactic messages from “authentic”, streetwise artists of the past have been replaced with more introspective lyrical content from current artists. The data indicates that while the focus of lyrical themes and genres has shifted over the years, the demographics of the artists who create them has not. The most influential rap artists have remained almost exclusively Black and male from the birth of rap music until today.
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The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 2018
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Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 2015
In this paper, two word association (WA) studies are presented in support of recent arguments aga... more In this paper, two word association (WA) studies are presented in support of recent arguments against the use of native-speaker (NS) norms in WA research. In Study 1, first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) WA norms lists were developed and compared to learner responses as a means of measuring L2 proficiency. The results showed that L2 norms provided a more sensitive measure of L2 lexical development than did traditional NS norms. Study 2 was designed to test the utility of native norms databases in predicting the primary WA responses of Japanese learners to high-frequency English cues. With the exception of only extremely frequent cues, it was shown that native norms were not successful in predicting learner responses. The results of both studies are discussed in terms of cultural and linguistic differences, geographic distance, and dissimilarities in word knowledge between respondent populations. Finally, a proposal is made for the construction of a Japanese WA database of En...
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Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 2014
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The Language Teacher, 2013
JALT member Joseph Poulshock recently posted a video entitled “How do humans acquire language?” t... more JALT member Joseph Poulshock recently posted a video entitled “How do humans acquire language?” to the extensive reading (ER) website BeeOasis.com. In it, he describes his ALBUM Theory (acquire language by understanding messages), by which he means that the comprehension of input―for example, through ER―is the best way to acquire a second language. The video prompted an online discussion in which a number of JALT members exchanged ideas about the acquisition of vocabulary, the role of ER in the acquisition of various aspects of word knowledge, and the relative importance of input to the language acquisition process. An abbreviated version of this conversation is presented here.
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JALT Journal, 2008
This study utilizes a word association (WA) paradigm to infer similarities and differences betwee... more This study utilizes a word association (WA) paradigm to infer similarities and differences between processes used to access the mental lexicons of native speakers (NS) and Japanese nonnative speakers of English (NNS). Three hypotheses were examined: a) grammatical word stimuli will elicit proportionately fewer paradigmatic responses than will content words; b) The proportion of phonologically-related responses will increase when stimuli are presented aurally rather than in written format;and c) NNS responses to infrequent words will not differ from responses to common words if a loan word equivalent exists in their first language (L1). Generally speaking, results concurred with established findings. Where results failed to validate the hypotheses, cognitive models are outlined to account for the data. In particular, a process model involving access to explicit knowledge of grammar rules is presented to account for the fact that NNS were less likely to respond to grammatical word sti...
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A cognitive process model for word associations involving grammatical word stimuli (Racine, 2008)... more A cognitive process model for word associations involving grammatical word stimuli (Racine, 2008) is re-examined and a more comprehensive model is proposed. The new model incorporates two previously unutilized word association (WA) response categories: rule-generated responses (RG), derived from respondents’ explicit knowledge of grammar rules; and label-generated responses (LG), derived from knowledge of word class categories. To test this model, a WA study involving native English speakers (NS) and Japanese non-native speakers (NNS) was conducted. Results showed that, with the exception of articles, grammatical word stimuli elicited fewer paradigmatic responses from NNS than from NS. Although no significant differences were observed in the proportions of RG or LG responses between NS and NNS, an argument is made for the utility of these response categories in further WA studies. Findings are discussed in terms of a number of contributing factors including the differences in the me...
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言語文化研究所紀要, 2007
... すべて CiNiiに本文あり CiNiiに本文あり、または連携サービスへのリンクあり. 論文検索. 著者検索. 論文検索. Uncertainty Avoidance in the cr... more ... すべて CiNiiに本文あり CiNiiに本文あり、または連携サービスへのリンクあり. 論文検索. 著者検索. 論文検索. Uncertainty Avoidance in the cross-cultural classroom: the effects of UA on interaction in Japanese junior high school EFL classes. Racine John; この論文を読む/探す. ...
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JALT journal, 2011
... ISSN, 巻, 号, ページ, 出版者, 参考文献, 出版年, 年から 年まで. すべて CiNiiに本文あり CiNiiに本文あり、または連携サービスへのリンクあり. 論文検索. 著... more ... ISSN, 巻, 号, ページ, 出版者, 参考文献, 出版年, 年から 年まで. すべて CiNiiに本文あり CiNiiに本文あり、または連携サービスへのリンクあり. 論文検索. 著者検索. 論文検索. Researching vocabulary: a vocabulary research manual (Norbert Schmitt). Racine John P. この論文を読む/ ...
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Reading in a Foreign Language, 2011
In their paper, Meara and Olmos Alcoy (2010) attempted to find a means of estimating productive s... more In their paper, Meara and Olmos Alcoy (2010) attempted to find a means of estimating productive second language (L2) vocabulary size based on the premise that many known lexical items simply do not appear in learner-produced texts. To do so, they borrowed an ...
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茨城大学人文学部紀要. 人文コミュニケーション学科論集, 2009
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Books by John P Racine
Book Chapters by John P Racine
Papers by John P Racine
To examine the competing hypotheses that stem from these findings, three studies were performed to test the influence of cue order and directed association tasks on L1 and L2 WA responses. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether, and to what extent, subjects continue to respond in accordance with their individual response profiles despite these manipulations. The poster illustrates which participants’ responses (NS or NNS) showed significant priming effects and under what conditions. Methodological issues are discussed and future research is suggested.
Despite a long history of priming research both in applied psycholinguistics and in cognitive psychology, to date very few studies have been conducted to determine the precise effects of priming on WA test results. For this reason, two studies were performed to examine the influence of cue order and prior tasks (directed association tasks, to be precise) on WA responses in English both as a first and second language. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether, and to what extent, respondents continue to adhere to their individual response patterns despite these manipulations. The poster illustrates which participants’ responses (NS of NNS) showed significant priming effects and under what conditions. Results are discussed in terms of second language proficiency and response profile strength. Methodological issues are examined and future research is suggested.
Fitzpatrick, T. (2007). Word association patterns: Unpacking the assumptions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17, 319-331. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00172.x
Fitzpatrick, T. (2009). Word association profiles in a first and second language: Puzzles and problems. In T. Fitzpatrick & A. Barfield (Eds.), Lexical processing in second language learners (pp. 38-52). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Fitzpatrick, T., & Racine, J. P. (2014). Using learners' L1 word association profiles as an alternative to native speaker norms. Paper presented at the AILA World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.