Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$-doped $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ waveguide at subkelvin temperatures

Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a ${Tm}^{3 +}$ -doped $Li Nb O_{3}$ waveguide at subkelvin temperatures

Neil Sinclair, Daniel Oblak, Erhan Saglamyurek, Rufus L. Cone, Charles W. Thiel, and Wolfgang Tittel

Phys. Rev. B 103, 134105 – Published 12 April 2021

Abstract

We characterize the optical coherence and energy-level properties of the 795-nm ${}^{3}H_{6}$ to ${}^{3}H_{4}$ transition of ${Tm}^{3 +}$ in a ${Ti}^{4 +}$ : $Li Nb O_{3}$ waveguide at temperatures as low as 0.65 K. Coherence properties are measured with varied temperature, magnetic field, optical excitation power and wavelength, and measurement timescale. We also investigate nuclear spin-induced hyperfine structure and population dynamics with varying magnetic field and laser excitation power. Except for accountable differences due to different ${Ti}^{4 +}$ - and ${Tm}^{3 +}$ -doping concentrations, we find that the properties of ${Tm}^{3 +}$ : ${Ti}^{4 +}$ : $Li Nb O_{3}$ produced by indiffusion doping are consistent with those of a bulk-doped ${Tm}^{3 +}$ : $Li Nb O_{3}$ crystal measured under similar conditions. Our results, which complement previous work in a narrower parameter space, support using rare-earth ions for integrated optical and quantum signal processing.

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Received 21 January 2021
Revised 24 March 2021
Accepted 24 March 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.134105

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Integrated optics Laser spectroscopy Optical transient phenomena Quantum information with solid state qubits

Rare-earth doped crystals

Atomic, Molecular & OpticalQuantum Information, Science & Technology

Authors & Affiliations

Neil Sinclair^*

Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; and Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA

Daniel Oblak

Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada

Erhan Saglamyurek

Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada and Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada

Rufus L. Cone and Charles W. Thiel

Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA

Wolfgang Tittel

Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada and QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands

^*Corresponding author: neils@seas.harvard.edu

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Vol. 103, Iss. 13 — 1 April 2021

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Physical Review B

covering condensed matter and materials physics

Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a ${Tm}^{3 +}$ -doped $Li Nb O_{3}$ waveguide at subkelvin temperatures

Neil Sinclair, Daniel Oblak, Erhan Saglamyurek, Rufus L. Cone, Charles W. Thiel, and Wolfgang Tittel

Phys. Rev. B 103, 134105 – Published 12 April 2021

Abstract

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Physical Review B

covering condensed matter and materials physics

Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 waveguide at subkelvin temperatures

Neil Sinclair, Daniel Oblak, Erhan Saglamyurek, Rufus L. Cone, Charles W. Thiel, and Wolfgang Tittel

Phys. Rev. B 103, 134105 – Published 12 April 2021

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Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a ${Tm}^{3 +}$ -doped $Li Nb O_{3}$ waveguide at subkelvin temperatures