Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the re... more Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the replacement of pavement materials with recycled options. The complexities in real-world usability are dependent upon project-specific characteristics and are affected by budgetary constraints of local governmental agencies, material applicability, and climatical conditions. This study conducts a comprehensive lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) of an urban highway section “E10” in the hot Middle Eastern climate of Abu Dhabi, where virgin asphalt usage is dominant, using actual cost data under multiple scenarios and recycled construction waste (RCW) usage across aggregate layers and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) across wearing, binder, and asphalt base courses. Blast furnace slag as partial cement replacement for road concrete works is also analysed. Impacts across all lifecycle stages from initial earthworks and construction to routine maintenance and operation were compared. Results found th...
Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green constructio... more Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green construction zeitgeist. A myriad of advantages can be associated with adopting IBS in construction, including inter alia, improved construction quality and productivity, minimisation of construction waste, optimisation of construction materials on-site, enhanced environmental sustainability, and many others. In spite of these advantageous propositions, there is exist a gap in the exposure towards IBS construction methods, particularly in the city of Kuching, Sarawak, as compared to more familiar conventional methods. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues and challenges experienced by contractors in their IBS endeavour as well as to propose a framework of solution. Moreover, this study investigated the impact of IBS adoption by G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Sarawak. Data of this study was collected via questionnaires distribu...
2019 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2019
A real time motion of moored FPSO in side-by-side configuration for regular wave is simulated in ... more A real time motion of moored FPSO in side-by-side configuration for regular wave is simulated in ANSYS AQWA to evaluate the structure motion responses and cable forces under criteria and operational wave conditions for two sea-state. The mooring failure is simulated wherein whole cable tensile forces are calculated. Downtime occurs when the vessel motion and cable responses in operating wave conditions exceed the safe limiting values. With the help of a real time wave scatter diagram of three different locations in Malaysian waters, the probability occurrences are obtained and finally a novel study on the downtime cost analysis for offloading operations is performed considering structure responses and mooring failure conditions. In this paper, a successful attempt has been made to connect vessel motion responses to cost. This paper evaluates the possible downtime cost and economical risks involved in the different locations of Malaysian waters for offloading operations.
Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our incre... more Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our increasingly complex built environment needs, procurement in the UK, with it's linear transfer of information, appears to be culturally opposed to integrative processes. Interprofessional disharmony causes innovation in design to suffer. Calls for improvements in multi-disciplinary working are familiar. Technology is often cited as the way forward. This paper argues that although IT may begin to address the integration of knowledge-bases, it is unlikely to improve the integration of the professionals making up the design team. The attitudes, values and distinct professional cultures of the specialists expected to use integrated-software products can be expected to remain the major factor in multidisciplinary interaction, regardless of the means and media of communication. The research presented in the paper explored inter-disciplinary relationships in the building design team at its form...
Infrastructure projects to service the mining industry in Western Australia (WA) are on the incre... more Infrastructure projects to service the mining industry in Western Australia (WA) are on the increase, somewhat in contrast to a stalling of projects nationally and globally. It remains important therefore for WA companies to be competitive in the realisation of a client's brief. Value management (VM) has long been regarded as an effective means to eliminate unnecessary capital and life-cycle costs, however, whilst many are familiar with the underlying theory, its use locally is perceived to be less widespread. The research presented here investigates the extent to which value management is implemented by Western Australian engineering and construction companies in both the design and construction fields; exploring, the various value management techniques used in practice and, VM staging. This study documents benefits achieved by means of value management and, the attitudes of industry professionals towards the feasibility or need in establishing a compulsory value management pr...
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samar... more 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250 Miri, Malaysia 3 Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia 4 School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University Bentley, Perth, Australia
Offloading operations involves transfer of oil or gas from the Floating Production Storage and Of... more Offloading operations involves transfer of oil or gas from the Floating Production Storage and Offloading system (FPSO’s) to a nearby stationed shuttle tanker. The hydrodynamic interaction between the FPSO and shuttle tanker is an important subject of study. The actual estimate of the vessels behavior is necessary for offloading operation. This paper aims to study the hydrodynamic behavior of side-by-side stationed vessels for offloading operations. The investigation of hydrodynamic behavior is achieved through a diffraction module of ANSYS. The present study includes studying the motion responses and drift forces of side-by-side configured FPSO and shuttle tankers in three different water depth. The obtained results are found consistent with the published work.
Construction contractors normally, though not always, pursue tenders with the expectation of winn... more Construction contractors normally, though not always, pursue tenders with the expectation of winning and subsequently making a project profit. Corporate governance (CG) constraints, risk appetite, and selected tender strategy impact contractors' tendered prices and any associated qualifications. Therefore, failure to win may not constitute 'failure' in senior executive’s eyes. Increasing CG within some jurisdictions has led to more complicated contractor internal tendering procedures (ITP) with layers of management reviews and risk committee sign-offs. The question arises as to whether these changes make any difference to tender win rates and subsequent project outcomes. A series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 25 high-profile Australasian based construction contractors (11, either directly or via parent companies, operate internationally Europe, Africa, Asia and North America), providing a mix of publicly listed and privately owned compani...
In Malaysia, general conditions of contract are compiled as a set of documents commonly known as ... more In Malaysia, general conditions of contract are compiled as a set of documents commonly known as the standard forms of contract. With the perceived advantages and the assumed need for familiarity, the standard forms have been deemed as the best way to go in Malaysian contracting despite its shortcomings. This paper summarizes and reviews of the common and most popular construction standard forms of contract currently in used in Malaysia. Forms reviewed are the Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) forms, Public Works Department (PWD) forms, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) forms and Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) forms. It is seen that Malaysian contract forms used in construction in the matters of numbers, coverage of issues, lacks clarity, comprehensiveness and completeness, lack of international efficiencies and the mentality of stakeholders when it comes to form selection, which will greatly affect good project management in terms of contract administration.
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) of built-asset waste materials and respective sustainable waste-dispo... more Life-cycle assessment (LCA) of built-asset waste materials and respective sustainable waste-disposal options are increasingly important for an industry that generates a significant proportion of all matter sent to landfill. Legislation-push from the aggregates levy and landfill restrictions, together with technology-pull from modern re-use and recycling techniques, will continue to exert pressure on recycling rates for construction waste and demolition materials. To recognise the potential of construction and demolition waste as a resource, guidance is needed. This book presents a guide to determining sustainable options for the reduction, re-use, recycling and disposal of demolition waste, and provides essential information related to: the background variables influencing the waste management of construction demolition waste; an assessment procedure setting-out a method for determining sustainable disposal options; and, an examination of the sub-divisions of demolition waste and re...
Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our incre... more Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our increasingly complex built environment needs, procurement in the UK, with it's linear transfer of information, appears to be culturally opposed to integrative processes. Interprofessional disharmony causes innovation in design to suffer. Calls for improvements in multi-disciplinary working are familiar. Technology is often cited as the way forward. This paper argues that although IT may begin to address the integration of knowledge-bases, it is unlikely to improve the integration of the professionals making up the design team. The attitudes, values and distinct professional cultures of the specialists expected to use integrated-software products can be expected to remain the major factor in multidisciplinary interaction, regardless of the means and media of communication. The research presented in the paper explored inter-disciplinary relationships in the building design team at its forma...
The side-by-side configuration of a shuttle tanker undergoes more complex hydrodynamic behavior. ... more The side-by-side configuration of a shuttle tanker undergoes more complex hydrodynamic behavior. This is more critical in extreme weather conditions. The gap between the FPSO and shuttle tanker adds to complexity of hydrodynamic behavior. Past studies have been performed to understand the gap resonance and other behavior of water column between the FPSO and shuttle tanker. This paper aims to study the effect of partially standing waves on the offloading operation, which occurs between the gap of FPSO and shuttle tanker pertaining to different encountering time period of waves for shuttle tanker. The velocity potential and wave kinematics of partially standing waves are derived and subsequently the different percentage of reflected wave height on the wave kinematics are studied. The objective of studying the influence of partially standing waves offloading operation is achieved by studying two types of waves as moderate and extreme waves. The higher wave height affects the kinematics...
Accident prevention is a primary concern for the construction industry; formwork is a major anxie... more Accident prevention is a primary concern for the construction industry; formwork is a major anxiety. Recent formwork failures locally have been as significant as a permanent structural failure. Whilst many formwork failures concern practice discrepancies, their occurrence may also stem from a more fundamental cause; investigations here seek to address guidance and legislation governing formwork practice locally. Documentation governing Australian formwork is examined alongside industry perceptions of the current situation. Findings highlight a limitation in using legislative-based models of control, and a need to reassess formwork-design education and training.
A cost related study for the offloading operations is an integral part of monetary risks assessme... more A cost related study for the offloading operations is an integral part of monetary risks assessment. The partially standing waves which occur between the gap of vessels are responsible for impacting the offloading operations in terms of downtime costs. This paper presents a downtime cost analysis of side-by-side offloading operations in Malaysian waters for regular waves addressing the influence of partially standing waves through a graphical user interface (GUI). The developed interface is explained and its work procedure is demonstrated in this paper. The downtime is studied for two sea-states, beam and heading seas for which the probability of occurrence was calculated from the location specific wave scatter distribution. The results of wave kinematics for partially standing waves influencing the offloading operation for side-by-side configuration are presented. The down-time cost analysis will help the oil operator companies to analyze the economic risks involved for field developments and anticipate the loss in revenue for down-time occurrences. Overall, an attempt to integrate the influence of gap between vessels with offloading operations and related cost is presented.
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2014
Restructuring procurement processes is one way to enhance project delivery systems to service the... more Restructuring procurement processes is one way to enhance project delivery systems to service the needs of the community while providing value-for-money outcomes. Procurement options, however, require ongoing review of relative effectiveness in delivering (public-sector) infrastructure facilities. Public-private partnership (PPP) procurement adds to a list of schemes that can be utilized to bring infrastructure projects to fruition. The effectiveness of a PPP in comparison with traditional procurement is investigated here by case-study project examination of Western Australia’s first water-infrastructure project to be procured under a PPP scheme, using build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) progression. Data was generated principally by designing/developing and conducting semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders involved. The survey results show that the most significant factor in a decision to pursue a BOOT scheme, in comparison with traditional procurement, is the establish...
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2015
Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published i... more Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published in many countries, showing the global status of the issues related with construction defects. Therefore, the quality of the adapted practices in construction projects can be improved if the pattern of the sub-task, specifically the quality deviations and construction defects from the requirements and specifications is identified and understood. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of the pattern of the more sensitivity sub-task requirements (STRs) through examine the number of ppm are non-conforming or defects. Multiple cases studies were conducted include 3,030 samples of 17 Sub-tasks requirements STRs from compression concrete members (i.e., column).
Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the re... more Growing demand for road infrastructures and accompanying environmental footprint calls for the replacement of pavement materials with recycled options. The complexities in real-world usability are dependent upon project-specific characteristics and are affected by budgetary constraints of local governmental agencies, material applicability, and climatical conditions. This study conducts a comprehensive lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) of an urban highway section “E10” in the hot Middle Eastern climate of Abu Dhabi, where virgin asphalt usage is dominant, using actual cost data under multiple scenarios and recycled construction waste (RCW) usage across aggregate layers and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) across wearing, binder, and asphalt base courses. Blast furnace slag as partial cement replacement for road concrete works is also analysed. Impacts across all lifecycle stages from initial earthworks and construction to routine maintenance and operation were compared. Results found th...
Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green constructio... more Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the initiatives underpinning the green construction zeitgeist. A myriad of advantages can be associated with adopting IBS in construction, including inter alia, improved construction quality and productivity, minimisation of construction waste, optimisation of construction materials on-site, enhanced environmental sustainability, and many others. In spite of these advantageous propositions, there is exist a gap in the exposure towards IBS construction methods, particularly in the city of Kuching, Sarawak, as compared to more familiar conventional methods. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues and challenges experienced by contractors in their IBS endeavour as well as to propose a framework of solution. Moreover, this study investigated the impact of IBS adoption by G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Sarawak. Data of this study was collected via questionnaires distribu...
2019 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2019
A real time motion of moored FPSO in side-by-side configuration for regular wave is simulated in ... more A real time motion of moored FPSO in side-by-side configuration for regular wave is simulated in ANSYS AQWA to evaluate the structure motion responses and cable forces under criteria and operational wave conditions for two sea-state. The mooring failure is simulated wherein whole cable tensile forces are calculated. Downtime occurs when the vessel motion and cable responses in operating wave conditions exceed the safe limiting values. With the help of a real time wave scatter diagram of three different locations in Malaysian waters, the probability occurrences are obtained and finally a novel study on the downtime cost analysis for offloading operations is performed considering structure responses and mooring failure conditions. In this paper, a successful attempt has been made to connect vessel motion responses to cost. This paper evaluates the possible downtime cost and economical risks involved in the different locations of Malaysian waters for offloading operations.
Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our incre... more Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our increasingly complex built environment needs, procurement in the UK, with it's linear transfer of information, appears to be culturally opposed to integrative processes. Interprofessional disharmony causes innovation in design to suffer. Calls for improvements in multi-disciplinary working are familiar. Technology is often cited as the way forward. This paper argues that although IT may begin to address the integration of knowledge-bases, it is unlikely to improve the integration of the professionals making up the design team. The attitudes, values and distinct professional cultures of the specialists expected to use integrated-software products can be expected to remain the major factor in multidisciplinary interaction, regardless of the means and media of communication. The research presented in the paper explored inter-disciplinary relationships in the building design team at its form...
Infrastructure projects to service the mining industry in Western Australia (WA) are on the incre... more Infrastructure projects to service the mining industry in Western Australia (WA) are on the increase, somewhat in contrast to a stalling of projects nationally and globally. It remains important therefore for WA companies to be competitive in the realisation of a client's brief. Value management (VM) has long been regarded as an effective means to eliminate unnecessary capital and life-cycle costs, however, whilst many are familiar with the underlying theory, its use locally is perceived to be less widespread. The research presented here investigates the extent to which value management is implemented by Western Australian engineering and construction companies in both the design and construction fields; exploring, the various value management techniques used in practice and, VM staging. This study documents benefits achieved by means of value management and, the attitudes of industry professionals towards the feasibility or need in establishing a compulsory value management pr...
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samar... more 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250 Miri, Malaysia 3 Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia 4 School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University Bentley, Perth, Australia
Offloading operations involves transfer of oil or gas from the Floating Production Storage and Of... more Offloading operations involves transfer of oil or gas from the Floating Production Storage and Offloading system (FPSO’s) to a nearby stationed shuttle tanker. The hydrodynamic interaction between the FPSO and shuttle tanker is an important subject of study. The actual estimate of the vessels behavior is necessary for offloading operation. This paper aims to study the hydrodynamic behavior of side-by-side stationed vessels for offloading operations. The investigation of hydrodynamic behavior is achieved through a diffraction module of ANSYS. The present study includes studying the motion responses and drift forces of side-by-side configured FPSO and shuttle tankers in three different water depth. The obtained results are found consistent with the published work.
Construction contractors normally, though not always, pursue tenders with the expectation of winn... more Construction contractors normally, though not always, pursue tenders with the expectation of winning and subsequently making a project profit. Corporate governance (CG) constraints, risk appetite, and selected tender strategy impact contractors' tendered prices and any associated qualifications. Therefore, failure to win may not constitute 'failure' in senior executive’s eyes. Increasing CG within some jurisdictions has led to more complicated contractor internal tendering procedures (ITP) with layers of management reviews and risk committee sign-offs. The question arises as to whether these changes make any difference to tender win rates and subsequent project outcomes. A series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 25 high-profile Australasian based construction contractors (11, either directly or via parent companies, operate internationally Europe, Africa, Asia and North America), providing a mix of publicly listed and privately owned compani...
In Malaysia, general conditions of contract are compiled as a set of documents commonly known as ... more In Malaysia, general conditions of contract are compiled as a set of documents commonly known as the standard forms of contract. With the perceived advantages and the assumed need for familiarity, the standard forms have been deemed as the best way to go in Malaysian contracting despite its shortcomings. This paper summarizes and reviews of the common and most popular construction standard forms of contract currently in used in Malaysia. Forms reviewed are the Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) forms, Public Works Department (PWD) forms, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) forms and Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM) forms. It is seen that Malaysian contract forms used in construction in the matters of numbers, coverage of issues, lacks clarity, comprehensiveness and completeness, lack of international efficiencies and the mentality of stakeholders when it comes to form selection, which will greatly affect good project management in terms of contract administration.
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) of built-asset waste materials and respective sustainable waste-dispo... more Life-cycle assessment (LCA) of built-asset waste materials and respective sustainable waste-disposal options are increasingly important for an industry that generates a significant proportion of all matter sent to landfill. Legislation-push from the aggregates levy and landfill restrictions, together with technology-pull from modern re-use and recycling techniques, will continue to exert pressure on recycling rates for construction waste and demolition materials. To recognise the potential of construction and demolition waste as a resource, guidance is needed. This book presents a guide to determining sustainable options for the reduction, re-use, recycling and disposal of demolition waste, and provides essential information related to: the background variables influencing the waste management of construction demolition waste; an assessment procedure setting-out a method for determining sustainable disposal options; and, an examination of the sub-divisions of demolition waste and re...
Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our incre... more Whilst an integrated team effort is needed to provide increasingly complex solutions to our increasingly complex built environment needs, procurement in the UK, with it's linear transfer of information, appears to be culturally opposed to integrative processes. Interprofessional disharmony causes innovation in design to suffer. Calls for improvements in multi-disciplinary working are familiar. Technology is often cited as the way forward. This paper argues that although IT may begin to address the integration of knowledge-bases, it is unlikely to improve the integration of the professionals making up the design team. The attitudes, values and distinct professional cultures of the specialists expected to use integrated-software products can be expected to remain the major factor in multidisciplinary interaction, regardless of the means and media of communication. The research presented in the paper explored inter-disciplinary relationships in the building design team at its forma...
The side-by-side configuration of a shuttle tanker undergoes more complex hydrodynamic behavior. ... more The side-by-side configuration of a shuttle tanker undergoes more complex hydrodynamic behavior. This is more critical in extreme weather conditions. The gap between the FPSO and shuttle tanker adds to complexity of hydrodynamic behavior. Past studies have been performed to understand the gap resonance and other behavior of water column between the FPSO and shuttle tanker. This paper aims to study the effect of partially standing waves on the offloading operation, which occurs between the gap of FPSO and shuttle tanker pertaining to different encountering time period of waves for shuttle tanker. The velocity potential and wave kinematics of partially standing waves are derived and subsequently the different percentage of reflected wave height on the wave kinematics are studied. The objective of studying the influence of partially standing waves offloading operation is achieved by studying two types of waves as moderate and extreme waves. The higher wave height affects the kinematics...
Accident prevention is a primary concern for the construction industry; formwork is a major anxie... more Accident prevention is a primary concern for the construction industry; formwork is a major anxiety. Recent formwork failures locally have been as significant as a permanent structural failure. Whilst many formwork failures concern practice discrepancies, their occurrence may also stem from a more fundamental cause; investigations here seek to address guidance and legislation governing formwork practice locally. Documentation governing Australian formwork is examined alongside industry perceptions of the current situation. Findings highlight a limitation in using legislative-based models of control, and a need to reassess formwork-design education and training.
A cost related study for the offloading operations is an integral part of monetary risks assessme... more A cost related study for the offloading operations is an integral part of monetary risks assessment. The partially standing waves which occur between the gap of vessels are responsible for impacting the offloading operations in terms of downtime costs. This paper presents a downtime cost analysis of side-by-side offloading operations in Malaysian waters for regular waves addressing the influence of partially standing waves through a graphical user interface (GUI). The developed interface is explained and its work procedure is demonstrated in this paper. The downtime is studied for two sea-states, beam and heading seas for which the probability of occurrence was calculated from the location specific wave scatter distribution. The results of wave kinematics for partially standing waves influencing the offloading operation for side-by-side configuration are presented. The down-time cost analysis will help the oil operator companies to analyze the economic risks involved for field developments and anticipate the loss in revenue for down-time occurrences. Overall, an attempt to integrate the influence of gap between vessels with offloading operations and related cost is presented.
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2014
Restructuring procurement processes is one way to enhance project delivery systems to service the... more Restructuring procurement processes is one way to enhance project delivery systems to service the needs of the community while providing value-for-money outcomes. Procurement options, however, require ongoing review of relative effectiveness in delivering (public-sector) infrastructure facilities. Public-private partnership (PPP) procurement adds to a list of schemes that can be utilized to bring infrastructure projects to fruition. The effectiveness of a PPP in comparison with traditional procurement is investigated here by case-study project examination of Western Australia’s first water-infrastructure project to be procured under a PPP scheme, using build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) progression. Data was generated principally by designing/developing and conducting semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders involved. The survey results show that the most significant factor in a decision to pursue a BOOT scheme, in comparison with traditional procurement, is the establish...
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2015
Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published i... more Studies on the construction defects and quality deviations have been commissioned and published in many countries, showing the global status of the issues related with construction defects. Therefore, the quality of the adapted practices in construction projects can be improved if the pattern of the sub-task, specifically the quality deviations and construction defects from the requirements and specifications is identified and understood. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of the pattern of the more sensitivity sub-task requirements (STRs) through examine the number of ppm are non-conforming or defects. Multiple cases studies were conducted include 3,030 samples of 17 Sub-tasks requirements STRs from compression concrete members (i.e., column).
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