Papers by Markéta Křížová
International audienc
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AntropoWebzin, 2020
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Brésil(s), 2022
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IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA, 2018
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IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA, May 29, 2018
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IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA, Feb 15, 2018
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Quadrante クヴァドランテ 四分儀 地域 文化 位置のための総合雑誌, Mar 1, 2008
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Historica Historical Sciences in the Czech Republic, 2002
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Journal of Moravian History, 2013
In this article, missions of the Moravian Church in North America in the eighteenth and the begin... more In this article, missions of the Moravian Church in North America in the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century will be compared with missions of the Society of Jesus that took place in New Spain (Mexico) in the period preceding and parallel with the Moravian ones. Through a detailed study of the goals, methods, and results of the mission projects we can better understand the ideological roots and aims of the two specific religious groups and the general intellectual and political atmosphere in Europe of the early modern period.
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Dějiny – teorie – kritika
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LiminaR: Estudios Sociales y Humanísticos, 2020
The text explores the activities in Yucatán in the years 1920s of Alois Nykl (1885-1958), linguis... more The text explores the activities in Yucatán in the years 1920s of Alois Nykl (1885-1958), linguist and philosopher of Czech origin, who gained international fame as specialist in Arabic language and the Muslim religion, but whose interests were focused also on other parts of the world.
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IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA
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Reviews in Anthropology
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Annals of the Náprstek Museum , 2021
Julius Nestler, high school teacher and amateur archaeologist from Prague, brought home more than... more Julius Nestler, high school teacher and amateur archaeologist from Prague, brought home more than 3,500 archaeological and anthropological artifacts from his expedition to Bolivia (1909–1912). At present they are in the possession of the Náprstek Museum in Prague. A smaller corpus of human bones, especially skulls, some deformed (elongated) and/or trepanned, were deposited at the Hrdlička Museum of Man (Charles University in Prague). Nestler’s second collection has not, so far, received much attention from anthropologists, museologists or historians of science, one of the reasons probably being the fact that there is no preserved documentation as to its provenance. Sources dispersed in several archives and publications made it possible to ascertain Nestler’s motivation for collecting human remains, the location where he collected them, and the circumstances of their sale to Charles University. The article also aspires to insert the collection and its original owner into the broader context of anatomical and anthropological disciplinary practices in the Czech Lands in the first decades of the 20th century.
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Litteraria Pragensia: Studies in Literature and Culture, 2021
The article explores how African slavery was perceived in the Czech lands. After a brief review o... more The article explores how African slavery was perceived in the Czech lands. After a brief review of earlier Czech reflections of modern slavery, the text focuses on the Book of Joseph (1783-1784), a rare source in German and Czech language that was aimed to communicate to the public in the Czech Lands the essence of the Enlightened reforms. In the text the theme of slavery was used in several different ways, when discussing the problems of political autonomy, religious toleration and abolition of serfdom. While responding to the widespread Enlightenment discourse of “liberation” from the bonds of prejudice, superstition, and ignorance, the author(s) of the text also followed up on more than two centuries of indirect encounters of Czech readers with the complex world of the Atlantic and, at the same time, reacted to the specific political claims and debates that marked the public discourse in the Czech lands of the late 18th century
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New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
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Ethnologia Actualis
The basis for the present article is the case study of Julius Nestler, amateur archaeologist from... more The basis for the present article is the case study of Julius Nestler, amateur archaeologist from Prague, who at the beginning of the twentieth century pursued excavations in the ruins of Tiahuanaco and brought to Prague a unique collection of about 3,600 pieces, deposited now in the Náprstek Museum in Prague. His activities are put into the broader context of the origins of Americanist archaeology and anthropology in Central Europe, against a background of nationalist competition and economic entrepreneurship. The life story of Nestler also brings to the fore the problem of ethics in anthropological and archaeological work.
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Ethnologia Actualis, 2018
The present article represents a partial outcome of a larger project that focuses on the history ... more The present article represents a partial outcome of a larger project that focuses on the history of the beginnings of anthropology as an organized science at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, in the broader socio-political context of Central Europe. Attention is focused especially on the nationalist and social competitions that had an important impact upon intellectual developments, but in turn were influenced by the activities of scholars and their public activities. The case study of Vojtěch (Alberto) Frič, traveler and amateur anthropologist, who in the first two decades of the twentieth century presented to European scientific circles and the general public in the Czech Lands his magnanimous vision of the comparative study of religions, serves as a starting point for considerations concerning the general debates on the purpose, methods, and ethical dimensions of ethnology as these were resonating in Central European academia of the period under study.
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EntreDiversidades , 2019
"The return of civilization" to Quiriguá: Maya archaeology and the play for power and prestige in... more "The return of civilization" to Quiriguá: Maya archaeology and the play for power and prestige in Central America in the nineteenth and twentieth century
A case study of the history of exploration of the archaeological locality known as Quirigua, in the lowlands of Guatemala, serves as a starting point for the more general considerations on the nature or of archaeology as a scientific discipline in its wider social and political context. Archaeology had been, since its commencement in the 19th century, under the influence of the reigning ideologies of the day, nationalism and imperialism, and this strongly shaped the nature of the research and the presentation of its outcomes; not to mention many other diverse factors, such as institutional competition and personal ambitions, that reflected on the scientific endeavors. On the basis of the case of Quiriguá, the possessive attitude of the early explorers (John Stephens, Alfred Mauldsay etc.) and the subsequent domination of the site by the company United Fruit, as well as the aspirations of the North American scientific institutions (School of American Archaeology, Carnegie Foundation) are being explored with respect to the interpretations of the pre-Colombian Maya civilization coined fashioned by them. The present text does not aspire to a thorough analysis of the problem of relations between nationalism, imperialism and archaeology in Latin America, but rather a presentation of one specific case illustrative of the basic premise of the necessity always to take into account the broader context in which the scientific “truths” are produced.
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The article focuses on the activities of Josef Polišenský in the field of general history, margin... more The article focuses on the activities of Josef Polišenský in the field of general history, marginalized in Czechoslovak academia. Polišenský recommended the use of domestic archival funds and the sources for the history of other lands and peoples deposited in them. These sources were then also to be made accessible by scholars from other countries through editions and translations to help them explain the possible " blank spaces " in their national histories. Thus, the goal was not to amplify the specialized fields of the study of history and culture of specific regions and time periods, but rather to enrich the general history – history of mankind as such – and, ultimately, to revert to the history of Czechoslovakia/the Czech Lands. Besides the " connecting themes " methodology, Polišenský was strongly convinced of the utility of the " view from the outside " , literally the view from Prague, on the crucial problems of world history. This approach he followed also after his forced departure from the Department of World History of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in 1971 and in the role of director of the Center for Ibero-American studies.
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Papers by Markéta Křížová
A case study of the history of exploration of the archaeological locality known as Quirigua, in the lowlands of Guatemala, serves as a starting point for the more general considerations on the nature or of archaeology as a scientific discipline in its wider social and political context. Archaeology had been, since its commencement in the 19th century, under the influence of the reigning ideologies of the day, nationalism and imperialism, and this strongly shaped the nature of the research and the presentation of its outcomes; not to mention many other diverse factors, such as institutional competition and personal ambitions, that reflected on the scientific endeavors. On the basis of the case of Quiriguá, the possessive attitude of the early explorers (John Stephens, Alfred Mauldsay etc.) and the subsequent domination of the site by the company United Fruit, as well as the aspirations of the North American scientific institutions (School of American Archaeology, Carnegie Foundation) are being explored with respect to the interpretations of the pre-Colombian Maya civilization coined fashioned by them. The present text does not aspire to a thorough analysis of the problem of relations between nationalism, imperialism and archaeology in Latin America, but rather a presentation of one specific case illustrative of the basic premise of the necessity always to take into account the broader context in which the scientific “truths” are produced.
A case study of the history of exploration of the archaeological locality known as Quirigua, in the lowlands of Guatemala, serves as a starting point for the more general considerations on the nature or of archaeology as a scientific discipline in its wider social and political context. Archaeology had been, since its commencement in the 19th century, under the influence of the reigning ideologies of the day, nationalism and imperialism, and this strongly shaped the nature of the research and the presentation of its outcomes; not to mention many other diverse factors, such as institutional competition and personal ambitions, that reflected on the scientific endeavors. On the basis of the case of Quiriguá, the possessive attitude of the early explorers (John Stephens, Alfred Mauldsay etc.) and the subsequent domination of the site by the company United Fruit, as well as the aspirations of the North American scientific institutions (School of American Archaeology, Carnegie Foundation) are being explored with respect to the interpretations of the pre-Colombian Maya civilization coined fashioned by them. The present text does not aspire to a thorough analysis of the problem of relations between nationalism, imperialism and archaeology in Latin America, but rather a presentation of one specific case illustrative of the basic premise of the necessity always to take into account the broader context in which the scientific “truths” are produced.