Papers by Keith R Millington
Scientific Research Journal
Polymers and organic materials that are exposed to sunlight undergo photooxidation, which leads t... more Polymers and organic materials that are exposed to sunlight undergo photooxidation, which leads to deterioration of their physical properties. To allow adequate performance under outdoor conditions, synthetic polymers require additives such as antioxidants and UV absorbers. A major problem with optimising polymer formulations to maximise their working life span is that accelerated weathering tests are empirical. The conditions differ significantly from real weathering situations, and samples require lengthy irradiation period. Degradation may not be apparent in the early stages of exposure, although this is when products such as hydroperoxides are formed which later cause acceleration of oxidation. A simple way of quantifying the number of free radicals presents in organic materials following exposure to light or heat is by measuring chemiluminescence (CL) emission. Most polymers emit CL when they undergo oxidative degradation, and it originates from the bimolecular reaction of macr...
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Environ Toxicol Chem, 1996
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components of wastewaters is a necessary step toward... more Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components of wastewaters is a necessary step towards determining the nature of aqueous effluents. However, toxicity levels of the effluents and receiving waters should also be determined to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects the discharges may have on aquatic environments. The Microtox{reg_sign} test was successfully used to measure EC50 values of
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Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology, Jul 1, 2008
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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1996
Abstract-The Microtox" test was successfully used to measure EC50 values of nonionic pol... more Abstract-The Microtox" test was successfully used to measure EC50 values of nonionic polyethoxylate surfactants. However, toxicity measurements of real samples that contain surfactants above a particular concentration, termed the critical toxicity concentration (CTC) are not valid. ...
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Lewis/The Coloration, 2013
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SUMMARY Bulk colour and its photostability are recognised limitations of wool relative to competi... more SUMMARY Bulk colour and its photostability are recognised limitations of wool relative to competing fibres and form part of the research program of the CRC for Sheep Industry Innovation. This paper shows effects of the association between fibre diameter and wool colour traits (greasy yellowness score, clean brightness and clean yellowness) and how adjustment for this association can change dam
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Advances in Wool Technology, 2009
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Coloration Technology, 2014
ABSTRACT Bleached wool is rapidly yellowed by exposure to the UV radiation present in sunlight. T... more ABSTRACT Bleached wool is rapidly yellowed by exposure to the UV radiation present in sunlight. The conventional application of a water-soluble hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole UV absorber (such as UVFast W) to bleached wool reduces its rate of photoyellowing but has a negative impact on the whiteness of the bleached wool, largely cancelling out the improvements in whiteness achieved during bleaching. However, if the UV absorber is applied to peroxide-bleached wool from a reductive bleach bath, white wool with improved photostability to sunlight and UV radiation can be obtained.
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Coloration Technology, 2013
ABSTRACT It has been hypothesised that the presence of trace metals in wool, notably copper and i... more ABSTRACT It has been hypothesised that the presence of trace metals in wool, notably copper and iron, has an influence on the formation of free radicals under irradiation and thereby affects the photostability of wool and wool products, particularly in the wet state. There has been limited research evaluating the influence of copper ions on wool photodiscoloration. This study examined the relative photodiscoloration of wool bound with varied amounts of copper(II) ions under UVA, UVB and blue light irradiation in the dry state. Total reflectance and visible/near-infrared absorbance spectra, tryptophan-type fluorescence (λex = 295 nm, λem = 340 nm) and photoinduced chemiluminescence emissions of natural wool and copper(II)-treated wool were characterised and contrasted. CIELAB colour space, D1925 yellowness and CIE whiteness values measured from irradiated wool samples indicate that wool treated with copper(II) solution at a higher concentration yellowed faster and experienced greater overall colour changes under UVA and UVB irradiation, whereas copper(II)-treated wool seemed to be more photostable than untreated natural wool under blue light irradiation. It was also observed that binding copper ions to wool resulted in decreased tryptophan-type fluorescence and photoinduced chemiluminescence emissions relative to untreated natural wool.
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Chemical Physics Letters, 2012
ABSTRACT The thermal chemiluminescence spectra of the dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of glycine, ... more ABSTRACT The thermal chemiluminescence spectra of the dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) salts of glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine were measured with a multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence (FT-CL) spectrometer. The zwitterionic amino acids themselves are non-luminescent because their amine groups are protonated, whereas the corresponding DCHA salts show strong emission in the presence of oxygen because their NH2 groups are free. It was found that the CH3 and OH groups on the side chain caused red and blue shifts respectively, suggesting that thermal luminescence spectroscopy using an FT-CL spectrometer can be used to identify the presence of electron donating or withdrawing groups in chemiluminescent molecules.
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Chemical Physics Letters, 2014
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Papers by Keith R Millington