Papers by Francois Bousquet
Chapitre rédigé par le collectif ComMod regroupant 40 personnes. Son correspondant est François B... more Chapitre rédigé par le collectif ComMod regroupant 40 personnes. Son correspondant est François Bousquet (CIRAD, green)International audienc
Actes du colloque Vulnérabilité et résilience dans le renouvellement des approches du développement et de l'environnement, 2019
Multisystemic Resilience, 2021
In this chapter, the authors first introduce the notion of social-ecological systems (SES) resili... more In this chapter, the authors first introduce the notion of social-ecological systems (SES) resilience. They trace the history of the two concepts (SES and resilience), which are interdependent, narrating the interactions between groups of researchers who study social and ecological processes. In the second part of the paper, the authors examine resilience through the specific question of the identity of an SES and how this identity persists or changes. They examine the meaning of identity through a literature review that orients readers to the study of the process of resilience as inextricably shaped by the vulnerabilities embedded in the SES. They claim in this chapter that the disruption of the relationship between natural and social entities that compose an SES leads to a new distribution of vulnerabilities among the entities. After these changes, the SES will be ascribed a new identity that reflects the new distribution of vulnerabilities among the entities and the means to cope...
Ce document presente les nouvelles fonctionnalites de Cormas, une plate-forme de modelisation mul... more Ce document presente les nouvelles fonctionnalites de Cormas, une plate-forme de modelisation multi-agent dediee a la gestion des ressources renouvelables. Logiciel libre, Cormas vise a concevoir facilement un SMA et analyser des scenarios. Aujourd'hui, Cormas a pris une direction novatrice orientee vers la conception collective de modeles et la simulation interactive. Ces simulations hybrides mixent des decisions prises par les joueurs et d'autres par le modele. Cela permet d'interagir avec une simulation en modifiant le comportement des agents et la facon dont ils utilisent les ressources. Ainsi, il est possible d'explorer collectivement des scenarios a moyen et long terme afin de mieux comprendre comment atteindre une situation souhaitee. En retour, cela permet de reviser collectivement le modele conceptuel. Apres avoir explique la philosophie de la modelisation d'accompagnement, ce document presente la facon dont les fonctionnalites de Cormas sont appliquees ...
To explore transfers of vulnerability and their consequences with local stakeholders in southern ... more To explore transfers of vulnerability and their consequences with local stakeholders in southern France, a role-playing game session with 50 elected representatives and experts coming from various sectoral organizations was organized. The role-playing game involved 4 different landscapes of a coastal region: a littoral area, an agricultural plain, an urbanized area, and a river valley—with each landscape set up on a separate table. The participants were positioned either as land managers in different sectors (urban, agricultural, biodiversity conservation, green tourism, mass tourism) or elected decision-makers in charge of collective decisions and negotiation with other territories. For each round, the players had the option of placing infrastructures (dikes, irrigation networks, labelling, nature reserves) in management units under their responsibility in order to influence development trajectories. Based on their decisions, the land cover and use of these areas were updated (resi...
Food is a very basic human need which can't be met without nature and the ecosystem services ... more Food is a very basic human need which can't be met without nature and the ecosystem services it provides. In West Africa, a large part of the population is chronically food insecure and affected by recurrent crises while natural resources are under pressure. Strengthening resilience of food insecure people, villages or countries has then become the watchword of donors and policymakers involved in the food security field. The Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR) in Sahel and West Africa launched in 2012 has led to many projects aiming at better linking emergency and development, and to many works focusing on the analysis and the measurement of resilience so as to assess the results of projects. Resilience indicators tend to emphasize endowments ("capitals") and their respective evolutions, while resilience-thinking would highlight how this dynamic interconnect. In this communication, we aim to go beyond the framework of development projects and debates on resilience me...
Revue internationale des études du développement, 2019
Cahiers Agricultures, 2022
Malgré l’amélioration qu’ils apportent à la production agricole, les périmètres irrigués génèrent... more Malgré l’amélioration qu’ils apportent à la production agricole, les périmètres irrigués génèrent des risques sociaux, économiques et écologiques importants, qui questionnent leurs impacts effectifs sur la vulnérabilité sociale, économique, environnementale et alimentaire des populations bénéficiaires. La réflexion sur la construction de la vulnérabilité mobilisée dans le cadre de cet article cherche à analyser, dans une perspective socio-historico-économique, comment les processus, les changements et les perturbations dans le temps et dans l’espace peuvent expliquer les mécanismes à la source des vulnérabilités actuelles des ménages installés autour du système irrigué de la cuvette de Guédé au Sénégal. Les résultats mettent en évidence une vulnérabilité différentielle des types de ménages à plusieurs facteurs de stress. Cette vulnérabilité est fonction de la faiblesse des surfaces cultivées et des rendements, des coûts de production élevés ou des difficultés d’accès à des activités...
Agronomie, environnement & sociétés, 2021
An on-farm agronomic survey was carried out, at the field, farm and catchment levels, to understa... more An on-farm agronomic survey was carried out, at the field, farm and catchment levels, to understand the dynamics of the risk of soil erosion in a watershed displaying a rapid diversification of cropping systems and differentiation of family farms. The results were integrated into a researcher agent-based model linked to a geographic information system to represent dynamically the combined impacts of topography, rainfall and technical practices on erosion risk and its spatial distribution. A simpler version of this model was implemented as a role-playing game associated to a second agent-based model playing the game in silico, to share the researchers’ point of view on soil erosion dynamics to local farmers. They found these simulation tools relevant and Companion Modelling (ComMod) activities where launched with them to stimulate exchanges of experiences, build a shared diagnosis of the problem, and encourage collective action to limit soil degradation and the vulnerability of resou...
Socio-Environmental Systems Modelling, 2021
Agent-based models are popular in common-pool resource management to represent complex systems an... more Agent-based models are popular in common-pool resource management to represent complex systems and stimulate collective action and management, where they are used to evaluate scenarios of stakeholders’ choice in participatory simulations. We developed the “CoComForest” (COllaborative COMmunity FOREST management) model to support community forest management (CFM) and non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting in Nan Province, northern Thailand. The model was used as a computer-based role-playing game to support sharing of perceptions and knowledge among stakeholders, and in participatory simulations to explore future CFM scenarios. The Unified Modelling Language was used to build the conceptual model, subsequently implemented under the CORMAS (COmmon-pool Resource and Multi-Agent System) simulation platform. Several tests were conducted in the laboratory for verification and calibration before using this tool with 21 diverse stakeholders during a field workshop. Three different part...
Perspective Magazine, 2017
English version of the articleLe monde du developpement et de l’humanitaire a construit sa propre... more English version of the articleLe monde du developpement et de l’humanitaire a construit sa propre ecole de la resilience afin d’inscrire ses actions d’urgence dans des strategies de moyen et long termes. L’incertitude et la complexite accrues des contextes d’intervention sont autant de nouveaux defis a relever. L’ecole de la resilience des systemes ecologiques et sociaux peut apporter des approches complementaires pour comprendre la situation initiale, construire et evaluer des trajectoires d’adaptation. Ses approches se fondent sur l’integration des dynamiques ecologiques et de l’ensemble des groupes sociaux, sur la reconnaissance de la pluralite des connaissances et des potentielles trajectoires de developpement, et sur l’accompagnement de la transformation des societes. Des collaborations entre ces deux ecoles offriraient de reelles perspectives.
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific r... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
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Papers by Francois Bousquet