... Managing water for food security needs a multipronged approach. ... the water security for po... more ... Managing water for food security needs a multipronged approach. ... the water security for poor farmers to grow food for subsistence; and the adequate economic incentives for ... to maximise their production from the available land and water with least environmental consequences. ...
Seawater intrusion and its spreading rate are the challenging problems in over-pumped coastal aqu... more Seawater intrusion and its spreading rate are the challenging problems in over-pumped coastal aquifers of arid zones like the Batinah region of Oman. The study delineates the saline plume, identifies saline/freshwater zones, and estimates the migration rate of the plume in the Al Khabourah area of the Batinah coast. Time domain electromagnetic surveys, aided by vertical electrical sounding surveys, and seismic refraction methods have defined the locus of the saline/freshwater interface in the area. The current (2007) interface position, when compared with that determined during 2002, indicates a prominent recession in the saline plume and suggests an average annual recession rate of 120 m. This recession may be attributed mainly to the recharging dam of Wadi Al Hawasinah, constructed in 1995, and the enforcement of new water resources legislation. This study reveals the shielding role of the recharging dam to counter advancing saline intrusion. Une intrusion marine et son taux d’expansion sont les défis à relever par les aquifères côtiers surexploités des zones arides telle le Batinah, région d’Oman. L’étude délimite le panache salé, localise les zones eau douce/eau salée et évalue le taux de migration du panache dans la région d’Al Khaboura, côte du Batinah. Des profils électomagnétiques domaine temps calés sur des sondages électriques verticaux et des profils sismique réfraction ont localisé l’interface régional eau salée/eau douce. La position actuelle de l’interface (2007), comparée à celle de 2002, marque une régression nette du panache salé, suggérant un taux annuel de retrait de 120 m. Cette régression peut être attribuée principalement à la mise en charge du barrage de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construit en 1995, et à la mise en vigueur de la nouvelle législation sur les ressources en eau. Cette étude révèle le rôle écran du barrage mis en charge pour contrecarrer l’avancée d’une intrusion saline. La intrusión de agua de mar y sus ritmos de propagación son problemas desafiantes en acuíferos costeros sobre bombeados de las zonas áridas como la región de Batinah en Oman. El estudio delinea la pluma salina, identifica la zona de agua dulce/agua salada, y estima el ritmo de migración de la pluma en el área Al Khabourah de la costa de Batinah. Los relevamientos electromagnéticos en el dominio de tiempo, ayudados por relevamientos de sondeos eléctricos verticales, y métodos de refracción sísmica han definido la posición de la interfase agua dulce/agua salada en el área. La actual posición de la interfase (2007), cuando se la compara con la determinada durante 2002, indica una recesión notable en la pluma salina y sugiere un ritmo de recesión media anual de 120 m. Esta recesión puede ser atribuida principalmente al dique de recarga de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construido en 1995, y a la promulgación de la nueva legislación sobre recursos hídricos. Este estudio revela el rol de protección del dique de recarga para contrarrestar al avance de la intrusión salina. 海水入侵及其扩展速率是阿曼Batinah干旱区滨海含水层超采条件下极具挑战性的问题。这篇报告描述了咸水晕, 确定咸水和淡水区, 并估算这个咸水晕在Al Khabourah地区Batinah海岸带的迁移速率。时域电磁感应调查和垂向电测深调查以及地震折射方法确定出了该地区淡水/咸水界面的位置。与2002年确定的分界面相比, 目前 (2007年) 该分界面的位置发生了咸水晕的显著后退, 并给出了年平均120m的后退速率。这个消退可能主要是由于建于1995年的Wadi Al Hawasinah 大坝的补给作用以及新的水资源管理法的实施。本研究揭示了补给性大坝对促进咸水入侵的屏蔽作用 A intrusão salina e a sua taxa de dispersão são problemas que desafiam o conhecimento em aquíferos costeiros sobreexplorados em zonas áridas, como a região de Batinah, em Oman. O estudo delineia a pluma salina, identifica zonas de interface água salgada/água doce, e estima a taxa de migração da pluma na área de Al Khabourah, na costa de Batinah. Levantamentos electromagnéticos no domínio do tempo, auxiliados por sondagens eléctricas verticais, e por métodos de refracção sísmica, definiram a localização da interface água salina/água doce na área. A posição actual da interface (2007), quando comparada com a determinada durante 2002, indica uma recessão proeminente na pluma salina e sugere uma taxa de recessão média anual de 120 m. Esta recessão pode ser atribuída principalmente à recarga da barragem de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construída em 1995, e à aplicação de nova legislação sobre recursos hídricos. Este estudo revela o papel protector da recarga proveniente da barragem para contrariar o avanço da intrusão salina.
Groundwater is an important natural resource and an essential part of the hydrologic cycle. World... more Groundwater is an important natural resource and an essential part of the hydrologic cycle. Worldwide, it has been estimated that more than 2 billion people depend on groundwater for their daily water supply. A large proportion of the world’s irrigated agriculture is dependent on groundwater, as are a large number of industries, and groundwater is also critical in sustaining streams, lakes and wetland ecosystems. In many countries, excessive groundwater development, encroachment on recharge areas, uncontrolled urban and industrial discharges, contamination by naturally occurring chemicals and agricultural intensification have compromised the ability of groundwater to help resolve the emerging water management crisis in the 21st century. Side effects include escalating pumping costs, land subsidence, land degradation, reduced recharge, loss of flow to ecologically important wetlands and the intrusion of aquifers by saline water from estuaries and seas. Against this background there is an urgent and ongoing need to address the governance and practical management of groundwater resources. Over recent decades, scientific advances have created a solid platform of technical knowledge, but this has yet to strongly influence public policy, management institutions and decision making. Thus, there is an urgent need for new strategies for groundwater governance, incorporating the most advanced knowledge and data, in order to maintain the availability of high-quality groundwater resources to meet human, economic and ecosystem needs.
Irrigation water is one of the most critical and scarce resource for agricultural production in ... more Irrigation water is one of the most critical and scarce resource for agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. Enhancing productivity in arid regions largely depends upon the ability to enlarge water resource by better rainwater management and development of groundwater. The lack of good water supplies for irrigated agriculture in now becoming a major issue that is forcing farmers to use low quality waters. Nonetheless injudicious use of sodic and saline waters poses grave risks to soil health by deteriorating soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Development of salinity, sodicity and toxicity problems not only reduces crop productivity but also limits crop choice. It is therefore imperative that irrigation development plans are carefully drawn and executed to sustain crop production and to minimize salinization and deterioration of soil physical conditions over the long-term. Alternative options have now emerged to safely use waters otherwise designated unfit. This has led to the replacement of too conservative water quality standards by site-specific guidelines where factors like soil texture, rainfall and crop tolerance have been given due consideration. Nevertheless, appropriate selection of crops, improvement in water and fertility management, maintenance of soil structure and tail water return systems are still necessary. Examples of the available technologies and practices for sustaining irrigation with these waters are given in this article. Economic development, social preferences and resource endowments are region-specific, and are thus expected to influence the selection and adoption of technology packages. Although the emphasis is placed on experiences in India, such practices are appropriate for many other arid and semi-arid regions where irrigated agriculture is confronting the similar challenges.
... It is also inferred from geophysical interpretation that the thickness of the near-surface sa... more ... It is also inferred from geophysical interpretation that the thickness of the near-surface saline zone decreases inland away from the shore. ... Fig. 2. Integrated geophysical interpretation of sub-surface formations in Digha area, West Bengal. View Within Article. ...
Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed seriou... more Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in India. Depletion of water tables, saltwater encroachment, drying of aquifers, groundwater pollution, water logging and salinity, etc. ...
... Managing water for food security needs a multipronged approach. ... the water security for po... more ... Managing water for food security needs a multipronged approach. ... the water security for poor farmers to grow food for subsistence; and the adequate economic incentives for ... to maximise their production from the available land and water with least environmental consequences. ...
Seawater intrusion and its spreading rate are the challenging problems in over-pumped coastal aqu... more Seawater intrusion and its spreading rate are the challenging problems in over-pumped coastal aquifers of arid zones like the Batinah region of Oman. The study delineates the saline plume, identifies saline/freshwater zones, and estimates the migration rate of the plume in the Al Khabourah area of the Batinah coast. Time domain electromagnetic surveys, aided by vertical electrical sounding surveys, and seismic refraction methods have defined the locus of the saline/freshwater interface in the area. The current (2007) interface position, when compared with that determined during 2002, indicates a prominent recession in the saline plume and suggests an average annual recession rate of 120 m. This recession may be attributed mainly to the recharging dam of Wadi Al Hawasinah, constructed in 1995, and the enforcement of new water resources legislation. This study reveals the shielding role of the recharging dam to counter advancing saline intrusion. Une intrusion marine et son taux d’expansion sont les défis à relever par les aquifères côtiers surexploités des zones arides telle le Batinah, région d’Oman. L’étude délimite le panache salé, localise les zones eau douce/eau salée et évalue le taux de migration du panache dans la région d’Al Khaboura, côte du Batinah. Des profils électomagnétiques domaine temps calés sur des sondages électriques verticaux et des profils sismique réfraction ont localisé l’interface régional eau salée/eau douce. La position actuelle de l’interface (2007), comparée à celle de 2002, marque une régression nette du panache salé, suggérant un taux annuel de retrait de 120 m. Cette régression peut être attribuée principalement à la mise en charge du barrage de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construit en 1995, et à la mise en vigueur de la nouvelle législation sur les ressources en eau. Cette étude révèle le rôle écran du barrage mis en charge pour contrecarrer l’avancée d’une intrusion saline. La intrusión de agua de mar y sus ritmos de propagación son problemas desafiantes en acuíferos costeros sobre bombeados de las zonas áridas como la región de Batinah en Oman. El estudio delinea la pluma salina, identifica la zona de agua dulce/agua salada, y estima el ritmo de migración de la pluma en el área Al Khabourah de la costa de Batinah. Los relevamientos electromagnéticos en el dominio de tiempo, ayudados por relevamientos de sondeos eléctricos verticales, y métodos de refracción sísmica han definido la posición de la interfase agua dulce/agua salada en el área. La actual posición de la interfase (2007), cuando se la compara con la determinada durante 2002, indica una recesión notable en la pluma salina y sugiere un ritmo de recesión media anual de 120 m. Esta recesión puede ser atribuida principalmente al dique de recarga de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construido en 1995, y a la promulgación de la nueva legislación sobre recursos hídricos. Este estudio revela el rol de protección del dique de recarga para contrarrestar al avance de la intrusión salina. 海水入侵及其扩展速率是阿曼Batinah干旱区滨海含水层超采条件下极具挑战性的问题。这篇报告描述了咸水晕, 确定咸水和淡水区, 并估算这个咸水晕在Al Khabourah地区Batinah海岸带的迁移速率。时域电磁感应调查和垂向电测深调查以及地震折射方法确定出了该地区淡水/咸水界面的位置。与2002年确定的分界面相比, 目前 (2007年) 该分界面的位置发生了咸水晕的显著后退, 并给出了年平均120m的后退速率。这个消退可能主要是由于建于1995年的Wadi Al Hawasinah 大坝的补给作用以及新的水资源管理法的实施。本研究揭示了补给性大坝对促进咸水入侵的屏蔽作用 A intrusão salina e a sua taxa de dispersão são problemas que desafiam o conhecimento em aquíferos costeiros sobreexplorados em zonas áridas, como a região de Batinah, em Oman. O estudo delineia a pluma salina, identifica zonas de interface água salgada/água doce, e estima a taxa de migração da pluma na área de Al Khabourah, na costa de Batinah. Levantamentos electromagnéticos no domínio do tempo, auxiliados por sondagens eléctricas verticais, e por métodos de refracção sísmica, definiram a localização da interface água salina/água doce na área. A posição actual da interface (2007), quando comparada com a determinada durante 2002, indica uma recessão proeminente na pluma salina e sugere uma taxa de recessão média anual de 120 m. Esta recessão pode ser atribuída principalmente à recarga da barragem de Wadi Al Hawasinah, construída em 1995, e à aplicação de nova legislação sobre recursos hídricos. Este estudo revela o papel protector da recarga proveniente da barragem para contrariar o avanço da intrusão salina.
Groundwater is an important natural resource and an essential part of the hydrologic cycle. World... more Groundwater is an important natural resource and an essential part of the hydrologic cycle. Worldwide, it has been estimated that more than 2 billion people depend on groundwater for their daily water supply. A large proportion of the world’s irrigated agriculture is dependent on groundwater, as are a large number of industries, and groundwater is also critical in sustaining streams, lakes and wetland ecosystems. In many countries, excessive groundwater development, encroachment on recharge areas, uncontrolled urban and industrial discharges, contamination by naturally occurring chemicals and agricultural intensification have compromised the ability of groundwater to help resolve the emerging water management crisis in the 21st century. Side effects include escalating pumping costs, land subsidence, land degradation, reduced recharge, loss of flow to ecologically important wetlands and the intrusion of aquifers by saline water from estuaries and seas. Against this background there is an urgent and ongoing need to address the governance and practical management of groundwater resources. Over recent decades, scientific advances have created a solid platform of technical knowledge, but this has yet to strongly influence public policy, management institutions and decision making. Thus, there is an urgent need for new strategies for groundwater governance, incorporating the most advanced knowledge and data, in order to maintain the availability of high-quality groundwater resources to meet human, economic and ecosystem needs.
Irrigation water is one of the most critical and scarce resource for agricultural production in ... more Irrigation water is one of the most critical and scarce resource for agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. Enhancing productivity in arid regions largely depends upon the ability to enlarge water resource by better rainwater management and development of groundwater. The lack of good water supplies for irrigated agriculture in now becoming a major issue that is forcing farmers to use low quality waters. Nonetheless injudicious use of sodic and saline waters poses grave risks to soil health by deteriorating soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Development of salinity, sodicity and toxicity problems not only reduces crop productivity but also limits crop choice. It is therefore imperative that irrigation development plans are carefully drawn and executed to sustain crop production and to minimize salinization and deterioration of soil physical conditions over the long-term. Alternative options have now emerged to safely use waters otherwise designated unfit. This has led to the replacement of too conservative water quality standards by site-specific guidelines where factors like soil texture, rainfall and crop tolerance have been given due consideration. Nevertheless, appropriate selection of crops, improvement in water and fertility management, maintenance of soil structure and tail water return systems are still necessary. Examples of the available technologies and practices for sustaining irrigation with these waters are given in this article. Economic development, social preferences and resource endowments are region-specific, and are thus expected to influence the selection and adoption of technology packages. Although the emphasis is placed on experiences in India, such practices are appropriate for many other arid and semi-arid regions where irrigated agriculture is confronting the similar challenges.
... It is also inferred from geophysical interpretation that the thickness of the near-surface sa... more ... It is also inferred from geophysical interpretation that the thickness of the near-surface saline zone decreases inland away from the shore. ... Fig. 2. Integrated geophysical interpretation of sub-surface formations in Digha area, West Bengal. View Within Article. ...
Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed seriou... more Overexploitation of groundwater and intensive irrigation in major canal commands has posed serious problems for groundwater managers in India. Depletion of water tables, saltwater encroachment, drying of aquifers, groundwater pollution, water logging and salinity, etc. ...
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