This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts of mature gree... more This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts of mature green fruits of Artocarpus chama with the identification of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial efficacy was tested against eight pathogenic bacteria using standard antibiotics as the positive control. Antibacterial bioassay was performed by measuring zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). The most effective extract was further subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. Ethyl acetate extract (EAAC) was found to be the most effective extract producing an inhibition zone of 45.50 ± 0.50 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453. Effective spots (ES) (Rf=0.37) of EAAC separated by TLC analysis were subjected to indirect contact bio-autography for evaluating their efficacies against the tested bacterial strains. Values of MBC/MIC for the extract r...
The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely... more The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The larvicidal activity of L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea was tested against third instars larva of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h of post-exposure. At different time intervals, LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Exposure to three graded concentrations (1.00%, 1.20% and 1.40% w/v) of tartaric acid and thiourea result in significant larval mortality (p<0.05) that increased over time in both cases. No mortality was observed in non-target organisms such as Gambusia sp., Chironomus circumdatus, Poecilia reticulata and Diplonychus sp. following exposure to these compounds. Tartaric acid and thiourea may prove useful as potential mosquito control agents, but require field testing in natural larval habitat.
The small iniquitous fly mosquito is responsible for transmitting various deadly diseases, so it ... more The small iniquitous fly mosquito is responsible for transmitting various deadly diseases, so it is inevitable to control mosquito vector population. Due to resistance of the synthetic insecticides, use of botanicals is a new trend to control the mosquito species. Present study was carried out to examine the efficacy of mature leaf extract of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia on larval forms of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. All larval instars treated with crude and three different solvent extracts of N. plumbaginifolia leaves. LC50 and LC90 values were determined by log-probit analyses. Statistical justifications were carried out through regression and ANOVA analyses. Cent percent larval mortality was found against 1 st instar larvae at 0.20% concentration of crude extract and 60 ppm concentration of acetone solvent extract at 72h of post exposure. Non-target organisms were non-responsive to both crude and acetone solvent extracts. Thus, N. plumbaginifolia may act as potential lar...
Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales) is a single or multistemmed shrub that is also known as D... more Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales) is a single or multistemmed shrub that is also known as Day Jasmine. The essential oil of the mature leaves of C. diurnum was analyzed by GLC and GLC-MS and altogether 14 components were detected. The main constituents were palmitic acid (27.62%), stearic acid (4.62%) and oleic acid (3.06%). The essential oil of mature leaves of C. diurnum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis ) and Gram negative ( Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (4), pp. 371-374, 2005
The present study was carried out to establish the hypolipidemic effect of a phyto-steroid compou... more The present study was carried out to establish the hypolipidemic effect of a phyto-steroid compound isolated from the chloroform: methanol extract of fresh mature leaves of the plant Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales). Change in the haematological parameters was studied in normocholesterolemic albino rats after oral administration of single dose of isolated phytosteroid (2 mg/ day) up to 15 days and compared with control rats. Application of phytosteroid fraction resulted in a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol and free cholesterol levels. The plasma triglyceride levels also decreased significantly. A sharp increase in the HDL cholesterol level and a significant decrease in the LDL and VLDL amount were also documented. Free fatty acid level was significantly low in treated rats.
Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. ... more Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. The present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of Culex vishnui group (comprising of Cx. vishnui Theobald, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles) and Anopheles subpictus Grassi. S. nigrum is a common plant distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties. Bioactive compound isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of S. nigrum was (25, 45, 60 mg/L) tested against early 3rd instar larvae of Cx. vishnui group and An. subpictus. The lethal concentration was determined by log probit analysis. The chemical nature of the active substance was also eva...
Abstract Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for various biological processes of animals in... more Abstract Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for various biological processes of animals including human. They are used as supplementary diet in treating many diseases and have large-scale industrial uses. In the present study, oils from leaves and berries of Solanum villosum Mill. (Solanaceae:Solanales) were extracted with petroleum ether (60-80°C) and subjected to Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) to identify the available FA. The antibacterial potential of the petroleum ether extract against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was demonstrated by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) was also determined. In the extracted oil, major unsaturated FA components were identified as lenoleic acid and oleic acid and saturated FA were palmitic acid and stearic acid. Tested bacteria showed high to moderate sensitivity to the extracts, except B. subtilis exhibited resistance to the extract of leaves, whereas E. coli and P. aeruginosa to the extract of berry. So, oils from S. villosum leaf and berry can be considered as an important source of unsaturated FA, specially the linoleic acid and can be used as a healthier alternative to commonly used oils opening good prospects in many industries. Moderate antibacterial property may provide an added advantage.
Armigeres subalbatus is known to be the vector of parasites for many human diseases like malaria,... more Armigeres subalbatus is known to be the vector of parasites for many human diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis etc. Indoor-resting and man-landing collections were made for one year both from tribal and non-tribal areas of Bankura district, West Bengal, India. In tribal area indoor-resting collection of Ar. subalbatus in one year was only 18 (1.65% of the total catch) with man-hour density (MHD) of 0.38 and in non-tribal area the figure was 489 (14.82%) with MHD of 10.19. A total of 37 Ar. subalbatus (0.62% of total catch) with MHD of 0.06 were caught off man baits from indoor and outdoor locations in tribal area and the number was 3177 (16.71%) in non-tribal areas with MHD of 5.52. Indoor-resting and man-landing collections were highest in October in tribal area and in April in non-tribal area. The maximum number of Ar. subalbatus came in contact with man in first and fourth quadrants of both day and night. No human parasite including filarial one was detected within this mosquito throughout the year long study period (August 2009 - July 2010) in both the areas.
This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts of mature gree... more This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts of mature green fruits of Artocarpus chama with the identification of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial efficacy was tested against eight pathogenic bacteria using standard antibiotics as the positive control. Antibacterial bioassay was performed by measuring zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). The most effective extract was further subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. Ethyl acetate extract (EAAC) was found to be the most effective extract producing an inhibition zone of 45.50 ± 0.50 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453. Effective spots (ES) (Rf=0.37) of EAAC separated by TLC analysis were subjected to indirect contact bio-autography for evaluating their efficacies against the tested bacterial strains. Values of MBC/MIC for the extract r...
The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely... more The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The larvicidal activity of L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea was tested against third instars larva of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h of post-exposure. At different time intervals, LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Exposure to three graded concentrations (1.00%, 1.20% and 1.40% w/v) of tartaric acid and thiourea result in significant larval mortality (p<0.05) that increased over time in both cases. No mortality was observed in non-target organisms such as Gambusia sp., Chironomus circumdatus, Poecilia reticulata and Diplonychus sp. following exposure to these compounds. Tartaric acid and thiourea may prove useful as potential mosquito control agents, but require field testing in natural larval habitat.
The small iniquitous fly mosquito is responsible for transmitting various deadly diseases, so it ... more The small iniquitous fly mosquito is responsible for transmitting various deadly diseases, so it is inevitable to control mosquito vector population. Due to resistance of the synthetic insecticides, use of botanicals is a new trend to control the mosquito species. Present study was carried out to examine the efficacy of mature leaf extract of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia on larval forms of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. All larval instars treated with crude and three different solvent extracts of N. plumbaginifolia leaves. LC50 and LC90 values were determined by log-probit analyses. Statistical justifications were carried out through regression and ANOVA analyses. Cent percent larval mortality was found against 1 st instar larvae at 0.20% concentration of crude extract and 60 ppm concentration of acetone solvent extract at 72h of post exposure. Non-target organisms were non-responsive to both crude and acetone solvent extracts. Thus, N. plumbaginifolia may act as potential lar...
Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales) is a single or multistemmed shrub that is also known as D... more Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales) is a single or multistemmed shrub that is also known as Day Jasmine. The essential oil of the mature leaves of C. diurnum was analyzed by GLC and GLC-MS and altogether 14 components were detected. The main constituents were palmitic acid (27.62%), stearic acid (4.62%) and oleic acid (3.06%). The essential oil of mature leaves of C. diurnum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis ) and Gram negative ( Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (4), pp. 371-374, 2005
The present study was carried out to establish the hypolipidemic effect of a phyto-steroid compou... more The present study was carried out to establish the hypolipidemic effect of a phyto-steroid compound isolated from the chloroform: methanol extract of fresh mature leaves of the plant Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales). Change in the haematological parameters was studied in normocholesterolemic albino rats after oral administration of single dose of isolated phytosteroid (2 mg/ day) up to 15 days and compared with control rats. Application of phytosteroid fraction resulted in a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol and free cholesterol levels. The plasma triglyceride levels also decreased significantly. A sharp increase in the HDL cholesterol level and a significant decrease in the LDL and VLDL amount were also documented. Free fatty acid level was significantly low in treated rats.
Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. ... more Vector control is facing a menace due to the appearance of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin may provide appropriate substitute biocontrol techniques in the future. The present study was carried out to investigate the bio control potentiality of active ingredient isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against early 3rd instar larvae of Culex vishnui group (comprising of Cx. vishnui Theobald, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles) and Anopheles subpictus Grassi. S. nigrum is a common plant distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties. Bioactive compound isolated from chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract of mature leaves of S. nigrum was (25, 45, 60 mg/L) tested against early 3rd instar larvae of Cx. vishnui group and An. subpictus. The lethal concentration was determined by log probit analysis. The chemical nature of the active substance was also eva...
Abstract Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for various biological processes of animals in... more Abstract Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) are required for various biological processes of animals including human. They are used as supplementary diet in treating many diseases and have large-scale industrial uses. In the present study, oils from leaves and berries of Solanum villosum Mill. (Solanaceae:Solanales) were extracted with petroleum ether (60-80°C) and subjected to Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) to identify the available FA. The antibacterial potential of the petroleum ether extract against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was demonstrated by disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) was also determined. In the extracted oil, major unsaturated FA components were identified as lenoleic acid and oleic acid and saturated FA were palmitic acid and stearic acid. Tested bacteria showed high to moderate sensitivity to the extracts, except B. subtilis exhibited resistance to the extract of leaves, whereas E. coli and P. aeruginosa to the extract of berry. So, oils from S. villosum leaf and berry can be considered as an important source of unsaturated FA, specially the linoleic acid and can be used as a healthier alternative to commonly used oils opening good prospects in many industries. Moderate antibacterial property may provide an added advantage.
Armigeres subalbatus is known to be the vector of parasites for many human diseases like malaria,... more Armigeres subalbatus is known to be the vector of parasites for many human diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis etc. Indoor-resting and man-landing collections were made for one year both from tribal and non-tribal areas of Bankura district, West Bengal, India. In tribal area indoor-resting collection of Ar. subalbatus in one year was only 18 (1.65% of the total catch) with man-hour density (MHD) of 0.38 and in non-tribal area the figure was 489 (14.82%) with MHD of 10.19. A total of 37 Ar. subalbatus (0.62% of total catch) with MHD of 0.06 were caught off man baits from indoor and outdoor locations in tribal area and the number was 3177 (16.71%) in non-tribal areas with MHD of 5.52. Indoor-resting and man-landing collections were highest in October in tribal area and in April in non-tribal area. The maximum number of Ar. subalbatus came in contact with man in first and fourth quadrants of both day and night. No human parasite including filarial one was detected within this mosquito throughout the year long study period (August 2009 - July 2010) in both the areas.
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