Errata The following corrections were made on 24 October 2012. Page 12: the original early season... more Errata The following corrections were made on 24 October 2012. Page 12: the original early season estimate of 43 % vaccine effectiveness was changed to between 43% and 55%.
The present thesis explored the epidemiology of stroke in Malmo, Sweden, an urban population of a... more The present thesis explored the epidemiology of stroke in Malmo, Sweden, an urban population of approximately 250000 inhabitants. Incidence of stroke in Malmo has been monitored since 1989. The National census investigation in 1990 was used to get information about the background population in the city. Previous studies of the seasonal and weekday variations in incidence of stroke have shown inconsistent results. In this study, the temporal variation in stroke incidence was explored among 7129 patients with a first stroke between 1989 and 1999. No relationship could be found between season or weekday and incidence of stroke. However, the case-fatality rate (within 28 days) was significantly higher among patients with stroke in winter. Several studies have shown that divorced or widowed men and women have higher mortality rates than those who are married. Whether incidence of stroke similarly differ between these groups is less clear. In a study of stroke incidence in Malmo between 1...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------II Declaration ------... more ----------------------------------------------------------------------------II Declaration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------III Letter of Acceptance -----------------------------------------------------------------IV Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------V List of figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------IX List of tables --------------------------------------------------------------------------XI Chapter 1: Introduction 1.
Background and Aims Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is assoc... more Background and Aims Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with reduced quality of life, cardiovascular complications, early mortality and a high economic burden for patients. Current treatment options for anaemia of CKD include subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) with or without supplementary iron and blood transfusions. New oral therapies for anaemia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, are in development and may have advantages for patients compared with ESAs. It is therefore crucial to understand the treatment attributes that patients consider most important. This study aimed to investigate patient preferences for potential anaemia of CKD treatments in adults with dialysis-dependent (DD) CKD in Australia and Canada. Method Adult patients with DD CKD completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) online survey. In each scenario, patients were asked to choose between th...
ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which maternal histories of newborn danger signs independently o... more ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which maternal histories of newborn danger signs independently or combined with birth weight and/or gestational age (GA) can capture and/or predict postsecond day (age>48 hours) neonatal death.MethodsData from a cluster-randomised trial conducted in rural Bangladesh were split into development and validation sets. The prompted recall of danger signs and birth weight measurements were collected within 48 hours postchildbirth. Maternally recalled danger signs included cyanosis (any part of the infant’s body was blue at birth), non-cephalic presentation (part other than head came out first at birth), lethargy (weak or no arm/leg movement and/or cry at birth), trouble suckling (infant unable to suckle/feed normally in the 2 days after birth or before death, collected 1-month postpartum or from verbal autopsy). Last menstrual period was collected at maternal enrolment early in pregnancy. Singleton newborns surviving 2 days past childbirth were eligible...
Therapeutic nucleic acid polymer conjugates are powerful molecules for shutting down protein expr... more Therapeutic nucleic acid polymer conjugates are powerful molecules for shutting down protein expression.
It is widely accepted that the integration of modern Information and Communication Technologies (... more It is widely accepted that the integration of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the teaching-learning-process has enormous potentials especially after 4G technologies. Computer based learning (CBL) currently commonly used platforms to teach students not only in universities but also in the schools especially in developed countries. Underdeveloped countries are also trying to adopt CBL in their education system. Over the last decade most schools in developed countries around the world, ranging from pre to secondary schools have adopted the Computer Based Education systems (CBL) for their students. The purpose of this study is to develop a model based on previous studies done by other researchers, to find out the significant influence of personality over Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the area of technology adoption. This comprehensive study reviews previous research based on two basic categories technology adoption by teachers and students and persona...
In order to investigate what factors influence antibiotic prescribing, a questionnaire answered b... more In order to investigate what factors influence antibiotic prescribing, a questionnaire answered by 8700 parents to 4-year-old children in Malmö between 1999 and 2004 was analyzed. 51.3% of the 4-year-old children had been treated with antibiotics. Exposure to environmental smoking, attending day care centers, employment of parents and parents born in Sweden was found to be statistically significant risk factor
Background: Studies on the temporal variation in stroke incidence have reported inconsistent resu... more Background: Studies on the temporal variation in stroke incidence have reported inconsistent results. Few have studied the temporal variations in case fatality. No study on incidence and case fatality of stroke by season in Sweden has been found. This study explores the weekly, monthly and seasonal variations in incidence and 28-day case fatality of stroke. Methods: A total of 7,129
Background and PurposeLow socioeconomic status is associated with increased incidence of stroke.... more Background and PurposeLow socioeconomic status is associated with increased incidence of stroke. This study investigated stroke incidence, recurrence, and case-fatality after stroke among middle-aged Swedish men and women and whether this association ...
... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bang... more ... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bangladesh and a Comparison of IP Situation Between Japan and Bangladesh. Author; KHAN MD. FARHAD HOSSAIN (Tokyo Inst. Of Technol.) TANAKA YOSHITOSHI (Tokyo Inst. ...
In this population-based study, risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) and PICH... more In this population-based study, risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) and PICH subtypes were explored in a nested case-control design. Risk factors were determined in 22,444 men and 10,902 women (mean age 47 years) who participated in a health-screening programme between 1974 and 1991. 147 subjects with CT or autopsy-verified first-ever PICH during the follow-up period (mean 14 years) were compared with 1,029 stroke-free controls, matched for age, sex and screening-year. As compared to controls, PICH cases had significantly higher blood pressure (135/91 vs. 127/85 mm Hg), triglycerides (1.7 vs. 1.4 mmol/l), BMI (25.5 vs. 24.8) and shorter stature (1.73 vs. 1.74 m). Diabetes (6.9 vs. 2.8 %) and history of psychiatric morbidity (19.7 vs. 11.0 %) were more common in PICH cases and more of them were living alone (35.4 vs. 25.5%). After adjustment in a backward logistic regression model, high systolic blood pressure, diabetes, high triglycerides, short stature and psychiatric morbidity remained significantly associated with PICH. As compared to the control group, high systolic blood pressure was significantly associated both with nonlobar and lobar PICH. Diabetes and psychiatric morbidity were associated with nonlobar PICH. Smoking doubled the risk for lobar PICH, but was unrelated to nonlobar PICH. In this prospective population-based study, hypertension, diabetes, height, triglycerides and psychiatric morbidity were risk factors for PICH. Smoking was a risk factor for lobar PICH only.
Many studies have reported lower mortality in married people. The relation between marital status... more Many studies have reported lower mortality in married people. The relation between marital status and incidence of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke is unclear. It is largely unknown whether the risk of stroke is increased the first years after divorce or death of spouse. Incidence of first-ever stroke (n = 6,184) was followed over 10 years in a cohort consisting of all 40- to 89-year-old inhabitants (n = 118,134) in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Marital dissolution (i.e. divorce or death of spouse) prior to the date of stroke was compared in a nested case-control design (3,134 initially married stroke cases, 9,402 initially married controls). As compared to the married groups, the incidence of stroke was increased in divorced men and women (RR = 1.23, CI: 1.10-1.39 and RR = 1.26, CI: 1.12-1.41, respectively) and widowed men and women (RR = 1.13, CI: 0.99-1.28 and RR = 1.13, CI: 1.02-1.24, respectively) after adjustments for age, country of birth and socioeconomic indicators. The risk of stroke was not increased in never married men. Marital dissolution was followed by increased risk of stroke, which was significant for men (adjusted odds ratio: 1.23, CI: 1.03-1.5) and borderline significant for women below 65 years of age (odds ratio: 1.45, CI: 0.99-2.14). The incidence of stroke is increased in divorced and widowed individuals. Never married men do not have an increased incidence. The risk of stroke is elevated during the first years after divorce or death of spouse.
... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bang... more ... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bangladesh and a Comparison of IP Situation Between Japan and Bangladesh. Author; KHAN MD. FARHAD HOSSAIN (Tokyo Inst. Of Technol.) TANAKA YOSHITOSHI (Tokyo Inst. ...
Errata The following corrections were made on 24 October 2012. Page 12: the original early season... more Errata The following corrections were made on 24 October 2012. Page 12: the original early season estimate of 43 % vaccine effectiveness was changed to between 43% and 55%.
The present thesis explored the epidemiology of stroke in Malmo, Sweden, an urban population of a... more The present thesis explored the epidemiology of stroke in Malmo, Sweden, an urban population of approximately 250000 inhabitants. Incidence of stroke in Malmo has been monitored since 1989. The National census investigation in 1990 was used to get information about the background population in the city. Previous studies of the seasonal and weekday variations in incidence of stroke have shown inconsistent results. In this study, the temporal variation in stroke incidence was explored among 7129 patients with a first stroke between 1989 and 1999. No relationship could be found between season or weekday and incidence of stroke. However, the case-fatality rate (within 28 days) was significantly higher among patients with stroke in winter. Several studies have shown that divorced or widowed men and women have higher mortality rates than those who are married. Whether incidence of stroke similarly differ between these groups is less clear. In a study of stroke incidence in Malmo between 1...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------II Declaration ------... more ----------------------------------------------------------------------------II Declaration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------III Letter of Acceptance -----------------------------------------------------------------IV Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------V List of figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------IX List of tables --------------------------------------------------------------------------XI Chapter 1: Introduction 1.
Background and Aims Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is assoc... more Background and Aims Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with reduced quality of life, cardiovascular complications, early mortality and a high economic burden for patients. Current treatment options for anaemia of CKD include subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) with or without supplementary iron and blood transfusions. New oral therapies for anaemia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, are in development and may have advantages for patients compared with ESAs. It is therefore crucial to understand the treatment attributes that patients consider most important. This study aimed to investigate patient preferences for potential anaemia of CKD treatments in adults with dialysis-dependent (DD) CKD in Australia and Canada. Method Adult patients with DD CKD completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) online survey. In each scenario, patients were asked to choose between th...
ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which maternal histories of newborn danger signs independently o... more ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which maternal histories of newborn danger signs independently or combined with birth weight and/or gestational age (GA) can capture and/or predict postsecond day (age>48 hours) neonatal death.MethodsData from a cluster-randomised trial conducted in rural Bangladesh were split into development and validation sets. The prompted recall of danger signs and birth weight measurements were collected within 48 hours postchildbirth. Maternally recalled danger signs included cyanosis (any part of the infant’s body was blue at birth), non-cephalic presentation (part other than head came out first at birth), lethargy (weak or no arm/leg movement and/or cry at birth), trouble suckling (infant unable to suckle/feed normally in the 2 days after birth or before death, collected 1-month postpartum or from verbal autopsy). Last menstrual period was collected at maternal enrolment early in pregnancy. Singleton newborns surviving 2 days past childbirth were eligible...
Therapeutic nucleic acid polymer conjugates are powerful molecules for shutting down protein expr... more Therapeutic nucleic acid polymer conjugates are powerful molecules for shutting down protein expression.
It is widely accepted that the integration of modern Information and Communication Technologies (... more It is widely accepted that the integration of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the teaching-learning-process has enormous potentials especially after 4G technologies. Computer based learning (CBL) currently commonly used platforms to teach students not only in universities but also in the schools especially in developed countries. Underdeveloped countries are also trying to adopt CBL in their education system. Over the last decade most schools in developed countries around the world, ranging from pre to secondary schools have adopted the Computer Based Education systems (CBL) for their students. The purpose of this study is to develop a model based on previous studies done by other researchers, to find out the significant influence of personality over Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the area of technology adoption. This comprehensive study reviews previous research based on two basic categories technology adoption by teachers and students and persona...
In order to investigate what factors influence antibiotic prescribing, a questionnaire answered b... more In order to investigate what factors influence antibiotic prescribing, a questionnaire answered by 8700 parents to 4-year-old children in Malmö between 1999 and 2004 was analyzed. 51.3% of the 4-year-old children had been treated with antibiotics. Exposure to environmental smoking, attending day care centers, employment of parents and parents born in Sweden was found to be statistically significant risk factor
Background: Studies on the temporal variation in stroke incidence have reported inconsistent resu... more Background: Studies on the temporal variation in stroke incidence have reported inconsistent results. Few have studied the temporal variations in case fatality. No study on incidence and case fatality of stroke by season in Sweden has been found. This study explores the weekly, monthly and seasonal variations in incidence and 28-day case fatality of stroke. Methods: A total of 7,129
Background and PurposeLow socioeconomic status is associated with increased incidence of stroke.... more Background and PurposeLow socioeconomic status is associated with increased incidence of stroke. This study investigated stroke incidence, recurrence, and case-fatality after stroke among middle-aged Swedish men and women and whether this association ...
... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bang... more ... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bangladesh and a Comparison of IP Situation Between Japan and Bangladesh. Author; KHAN MD. FARHAD HOSSAIN (Tokyo Inst. Of Technol.) TANAKA YOSHITOSHI (Tokyo Inst. ...
In this population-based study, risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) and PICH... more In this population-based study, risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) and PICH subtypes were explored in a nested case-control design. Risk factors were determined in 22,444 men and 10,902 women (mean age 47 years) who participated in a health-screening programme between 1974 and 1991. 147 subjects with CT or autopsy-verified first-ever PICH during the follow-up period (mean 14 years) were compared with 1,029 stroke-free controls, matched for age, sex and screening-year. As compared to controls, PICH cases had significantly higher blood pressure (135/91 vs. 127/85 mm Hg), triglycerides (1.7 vs. 1.4 mmol/l), BMI (25.5 vs. 24.8) and shorter stature (1.73 vs. 1.74 m). Diabetes (6.9 vs. 2.8 %) and history of psychiatric morbidity (19.7 vs. 11.0 %) were more common in PICH cases and more of them were living alone (35.4 vs. 25.5%). After adjustment in a backward logistic regression model, high systolic blood pressure, diabetes, high triglycerides, short stature and psychiatric morbidity remained significantly associated with PICH. As compared to the control group, high systolic blood pressure was significantly associated both with nonlobar and lobar PICH. Diabetes and psychiatric morbidity were associated with nonlobar PICH. Smoking doubled the risk for lobar PICH, but was unrelated to nonlobar PICH. In this prospective population-based study, hypertension, diabetes, height, triglycerides and psychiatric morbidity were risk factors for PICH. Smoking was a risk factor for lobar PICH only.
Many studies have reported lower mortality in married people. The relation between marital status... more Many studies have reported lower mortality in married people. The relation between marital status and incidence of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke is unclear. It is largely unknown whether the risk of stroke is increased the first years after divorce or death of spouse. Incidence of first-ever stroke (n = 6,184) was followed over 10 years in a cohort consisting of all 40- to 89-year-old inhabitants (n = 118,134) in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Marital dissolution (i.e. divorce or death of spouse) prior to the date of stroke was compared in a nested case-control design (3,134 initially married stroke cases, 9,402 initially married controls). As compared to the married groups, the incidence of stroke was increased in divorced men and women (RR = 1.23, CI: 1.10-1.39 and RR = 1.26, CI: 1.12-1.41, respectively) and widowed men and women (RR = 1.13, CI: 0.99-1.28 and RR = 1.13, CI: 1.02-1.24, respectively) after adjustments for age, country of birth and socioeconomic indicators. The risk of stroke was not increased in never married men. Marital dissolution was followed by increased risk of stroke, which was significant for men (adjusted odds ratio: 1.23, CI: 1.03-1.5) and borderline significant for women below 65 years of age (odds ratio: 1.45, CI: 0.99-2.14). The incidence of stroke is increased in divorced and widowed individuals. Never married men do not have an increased incidence. The risk of stroke is elevated during the first years after divorce or death of spouse.
... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bang... more ... Title;IP Administration and Enforcement System Towards Modernization of IP Protection in Bangladesh and a Comparison of IP Situation Between Japan and Bangladesh. Author; KHAN MD. FARHAD HOSSAIN (Tokyo Inst. Of Technol.) TANAKA YOSHITOSHI (Tokyo Inst. ...
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