... extends to government, state, political parties, law enforcement agencies, business, [and] l... more ... extends to government, state, political parties, law enforcement agencies, business, [and] labor, in particular, Alfredo Schulte-Bockholt, in The ... See Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick, Law and Society in Transition (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1978); and Austin ...
Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the cou... more Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras – is at once the most promising and inhospitable places for community policing. The complete overhauls of these three countries’ security system with the peace accords in the 1990s opened up an unprecedented opportunity to re-structure and re-think the idea of citizen security. Each country had a revamped and civilianised police force supported by international training and a set of accountability agencies. Guatemala, for example, formed a National Human Rights Office, a police Human Rights Office, a Professional Responsibility Office to investigate charges of abuse, and a Disciplinary Regime Section. These countries also underwent thorough judicial reforms, such as by expanding courts and preventive measures geared toward youth at risk. Combined with strong local identities, particularly among indigenous communities in Guatemala, such conditions appeared to give community policing a strong basis for success.
Traducción del artículo "Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis&... more Traducción del artículo "Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis"Translate from Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 41, No. 4 (July 2009), pp. 409-429 Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New Yor
International debate now rages over how new democratic regimes ought best to redress the wrongs o... more International debate now rages over how new democratic regimes ought best to redress the wrongs of their predecessors, especially the massive human rights violations perpetrated by government officials.1 This article offers a nutshell summary of the major objections often raised to criminal prosecution, with a view to sharpening the terms of debate over the strengths and weakness of that approach to the problem. The harm wrought by state sponsors of mass atrocity is so colossal that even skeptics of the criminal law’s coherence and defensibility find themselves longing for their doubts to be allayed, at least for perpetrators such as these. In the face of such monstrous wickedness, retributive impulses emerge powerfully even in those most critical of our practices of punishment and their underlying assumptions. If ever there were an “easy case” (in the moral sense, at least) for criminal punishment, surely this is it. Or so one would suppose. Yet in the few instances where convictio...
... Many organizations in Latin America also gave a great deal of help and information. In Venezu... more ... Many organizations in Latin America also gave a great deal of help and information. In Venezuela, these organizations include La Red de Apoyo por la Justicia y la Paz, the Judicial Council, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Presidential Commission for State Reform, the ...
With a regional homicide rate over three times the global average since 2000, accounting for over... more With a regional homicide rate over three times the global average since 2000, accounting for over forty percent of the world’s murders each year,i crime has been one of the top concerns of Latin Americans since the mid-1990s.ii In response, governments have been enacting an extensive range of reforms. While varying among countries, the main areas of such reform are a re-structuring of police forces, more professional support for officers, stronger accountability, judicial reforms, and community policing. Though usually well-designed, these reforms have had limited impact against record crime rates, in part because of how they incorporate human rights. In countries around the region, there has been insufficient engagement by criminal justice with human rights as they are viewed, prioritized and practiced in society on a daily basis. The resulting gap between state and society has led to emerging challenges in the protection and support of basic rights around the region. This paper wi...
This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through ... more This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through connections between the state security sector and the non-state armed sectors, who build on lucrative international trades, state resources, and democracy’s institutional weaknesses. With a focus on Latin America, it creates a framework for understanding this contemporary form of corruption by looking at security structures, the security economy, and judicial systems.
?Por que fracasan muchas politicas criminales en las democracias latinoamericanas? Este articulo ... more ?Por que fracasan muchas politicas criminales en las democracias latinoamericanas? Este articulo muestra que es dificil de desarraigar la criminalidad porque es un elemento al centro del desarrollo del estado y el regimen democratico. Especificamente, es parte de las tres redes principales de los proveedores de seguridad: el poder ejecutivo; el sistema de justicia criminal; y la red de grupos armos no estatales. Las relaciones dentro de y entre estas redes reflejan sus intereses y poderes en vez de la seguridad publica, entorpeciendo las politicas de seguridad desde el principio. Se aplica este ana- lisis en dos areas principales de seguridad publica. Uno es contra un bien (como las drogas) que una fuente de actividad ilegal; su caso de estudio es el trafico de armas de fuego. Otra dimension es la rama de politicas de seguridad nacional, desde la mano dura hasta la policia comunitaria. El caso del estudio es Honduras, un pais que ha sufrido de todos los problemas de seguridad – con politicas de seguridad que han fracasado por 15 anos, antes de que se cambiara su foco en las redes de criminalidad.
... extends to government, state, political parties, law enforcement agencies, business, [and] l... more ... extends to government, state, political parties, law enforcement agencies, business, [and] labor, in particular, Alfredo Schulte-Bockholt, in The ... See Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick, Law and Society in Transition (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1978); and Austin ...
Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the cou... more Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras – is at once the most promising and inhospitable places for community policing. The complete overhauls of these three countries’ security system with the peace accords in the 1990s opened up an unprecedented opportunity to re-structure and re-think the idea of citizen security. Each country had a revamped and civilianised police force supported by international training and a set of accountability agencies. Guatemala, for example, formed a National Human Rights Office, a police Human Rights Office, a Professional Responsibility Office to investigate charges of abuse, and a Disciplinary Regime Section. These countries also underwent thorough judicial reforms, such as by expanding courts and preventive measures geared toward youth at risk. Combined with strong local identities, particularly among indigenous communities in Guatemala, such conditions appeared to give community policing a strong basis for success.
Traducción del artículo "Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis&... more Traducción del artículo "Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis"Translate from Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 41, No. 4 (July 2009), pp. 409-429 Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New Yor
International debate now rages over how new democratic regimes ought best to redress the wrongs o... more International debate now rages over how new democratic regimes ought best to redress the wrongs of their predecessors, especially the massive human rights violations perpetrated by government officials.1 This article offers a nutshell summary of the major objections often raised to criminal prosecution, with a view to sharpening the terms of debate over the strengths and weakness of that approach to the problem. The harm wrought by state sponsors of mass atrocity is so colossal that even skeptics of the criminal law’s coherence and defensibility find themselves longing for their doubts to be allayed, at least for perpetrators such as these. In the face of such monstrous wickedness, retributive impulses emerge powerfully even in those most critical of our practices of punishment and their underlying assumptions. If ever there were an “easy case” (in the moral sense, at least) for criminal punishment, surely this is it. Or so one would suppose. Yet in the few instances where convictio...
... Many organizations in Latin America also gave a great deal of help and information. In Venezu... more ... Many organizations in Latin America also gave a great deal of help and information. In Venezuela, these organizations include La Red de Apoyo por la Justicia y la Paz, the Judicial Council, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Presidential Commission for State Reform, the ...
With a regional homicide rate over three times the global average since 2000, accounting for over... more With a regional homicide rate over three times the global average since 2000, accounting for over forty percent of the world’s murders each year,i crime has been one of the top concerns of Latin Americans since the mid-1990s.ii In response, governments have been enacting an extensive range of reforms. While varying among countries, the main areas of such reform are a re-structuring of police forces, more professional support for officers, stronger accountability, judicial reforms, and community policing. Though usually well-designed, these reforms have had limited impact against record crime rates, in part because of how they incorporate human rights. In countries around the region, there has been insufficient engagement by criminal justice with human rights as they are viewed, prioritized and practiced in society on a daily basis. The resulting gap between state and society has led to emerging challenges in the protection and support of basic rights around the region. This paper wi...
This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through ... more This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through connections between the state security sector and the non-state armed sectors, who build on lucrative international trades, state resources, and democracy’s institutional weaknesses. With a focus on Latin America, it creates a framework for understanding this contemporary form of corruption by looking at security structures, the security economy, and judicial systems.
?Por que fracasan muchas politicas criminales en las democracias latinoamericanas? Este articulo ... more ?Por que fracasan muchas politicas criminales en las democracias latinoamericanas? Este articulo muestra que es dificil de desarraigar la criminalidad porque es un elemento al centro del desarrollo del estado y el regimen democratico. Especificamente, es parte de las tres redes principales de los proveedores de seguridad: el poder ejecutivo; el sistema de justicia criminal; y la red de grupos armos no estatales. Las relaciones dentro de y entre estas redes reflejan sus intereses y poderes en vez de la seguridad publica, entorpeciendo las politicas de seguridad desde el principio. Se aplica este ana- lisis en dos areas principales de seguridad publica. Uno es contra un bien (como las drogas) que una fuente de actividad ilegal; su caso de estudio es el trafico de armas de fuego. Otra dimension es la rama de politicas de seguridad nacional, desde la mano dura hasta la policia comunitaria. El caso del estudio es Honduras, un pais que ha sufrido de todos los problemas de seguridad – con politicas de seguridad que han fracasado por 15 anos, antes de que se cambiara su foco en las redes de criminalidad.
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