Papers by Carolyn Chenery
Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years, 1996
Evidence from ice cores, borehole temperatures, early expeditions and glacier margins is used to ... more Evidence from ice cores, borehole temperatures, early expeditions and glacier margins is used to identify the major climate trends of the past 500 years in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Apparent conflicts between the different data sources are exposed and causes discussed. Ice-core records from areas influenced by the Weddell Sea appear to be strongly sensitive to ice-edge effects, which can be detected in the profiles of deuterium excess and methane sulphonic acid. The various data now appear to be consistent with a scenario where conditions during the mid-19th century to 1940’s period was fairly cool until the onset of the recent extensive warming in the post-1940’s period. The coldest period of the past 300 years appears to have occurred around 1760–1780, associated with strong disturbances in the atmospheric circulation in the Weddell Sea region. This may be contemporaneous with a rather stronger cold anomaly previously observed at Law Dome and suggested for ice cores recovered elsewhere in East Antarctica.
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Archaeometry, 2018
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Scientific reports, Jan 31, 2018
Human Pb exposure comes from two sources: (i) natural uptake through ingestion of soils and typif... more Human Pb exposure comes from two sources: (i) natural uptake through ingestion of soils and typified by populations that predate mining activity and (ii) anthropogenic exposure caused by the exposure to Pb derived from ore deposits. Currently, the measured concentration of Pb within a sample is used to discriminate between these two exposure routes, with the upper limit for natural exposure in skeletal studies given as 0.5 or 0.7 mg/kg in enamel and 0.5/0.7 μg/dL in blood. This threshold approach to categorising Pb exposure does not distinguish between the geological origins of the exposure types. However, Pb isotopes potentially provide a more definitive means of discriminating between sources. Whereas Pb from soil displays a crustal average 238U/204Pb (μ) value of c 9.7, Pb from ore displays a much wider range of evolution pathways. These characteristics are transferred into tooth enamel, making it possible to characterize human Pb exposure in terms of the primary source of ingest...
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TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
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This report presents the result of the isotope analysis of tooth enamel (strontium, lead and oxyg... more This report presents the result of the isotope analysis of tooth enamel (strontium, lead and oxygen) from an Iron Age adult female individual from High Pasture Cave on the Isle of Skye. The analysis was carried out to investigate diet and origins. Four teeth (a retained deciduous canine, and first, second and third molars) were submitted for analysis. The enamel from these teeth covers the period from before birth to approximately 16 years of age. The four teeth produced very similar results in all three isotope systems indicating no significant change of diet or origins. Whilst there is currently no comparative data from any other humans from the Isle of Skye against which to compare the results presented here, no clear evidence was obtained to suggest she originated from somewhere other than Skye. However, isotope analysis is an exclusive technique and cannot exclude places elsewhere in Scotland and beyond that may also be consistent with such a suite of isotope results.
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Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry, 2007
Abstract 1.1 Strontium and lead isotope variation and incorporation in human dental tissues Stron... more Abstract 1.1 Strontium and lead isotope variation and incorporation in human dental tissues Strontium and lead may be ingested in vivo via foodstuffs and water The isotopic composition of both elements varies in a systematic manner throughout the geosphere as a result of radiogenic isotope evolution so tha... abstract
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Journal of the North Atlantic, 2014
ABSTRACT The isotope composition of tooth enamel and associated dentine and lead concentration wa... more ABSTRACT The isotope composition of tooth enamel and associated dentine and lead concentration was analyzed for strontium and oxygen (enamel) and carbon and nitrogen (dentine) from ten skulls taken from a burial pit found on the Chalk at Ridgeway Hill north of Weymouth, Dorset, on the south coast of England. These individuals are a subset of the 51 men in this pit, all of whom had been decapitated. The results from the ten individuals show that they were a diverse group of individuals. ATMS radiocarbon dating of three individuals gave dates that are statistically consistent and their weighted mean, when calibrated, provides a date range of AD 970-1025 (93% probability). The oxygen isotope composition ranges between 13.7‰ SMOW and 16.5‰SMOW, which result in drinking-water values between -15.4‰ SMOW and -9.2‰ VSMOW using the adapted Levinson calculation. They were raised in a climate that is colder than that of Britain, and one man has a signature that is consistent with an Arctic origin. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope signature is also diverse, ranging between 0.71013 and 0.72051. Whereas the high value is typical in areas of ancient cratonic rocks underlying much of Scandinavia, the lower values are less diagnostic and could indicate either a coastal origin or a childhood spent in an area underlain by geologically younger rocks. The dietary signature derived from C and N stable isotope analysis is more consistent with a Scandinavian than British diet for the period. Very low concentrations of lead (Pb) in these individuals indicates that lead was not bioavailable to the extent it was in contemporaneous Britain. We speculate that this group of men might represent the crew of a Scandinavian Viking raiding party that was captured and executed by local inhabitants from the Weymouth area.
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Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009
Artefacts and burial rites in the late Roman cemetery at Lankhills School, Winchester, southern E... more Artefacts and burial rites in the late Roman cemetery at Lankhills School, Winchester, southern England, were used by Clarke (1979) to distinguish between local Romano-British individuals and migrants thought to be from the Danube region, a suggestion tested through isotope analysis by Evans et al. (2006a,b). This paper reports strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope data for tooth enamel sampled from
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Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013
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Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2012
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Applied Geochemistry, 2007
ABSTRACT The Sr concentration and isotope composition of tooth enamel from domesticated animals f... more ABSTRACT The Sr concentration and isotope composition of tooth enamel from domesticated animals from two neighbouring Anglo-Saxon settlements, at Empingham (6–7th century) and Ketton (10–12th century) in Rutland, central England, are compared both with each other, and with associated human populations. Data from the Empingham II site form discrete fields in Sr concentration and isotope composition space for cattle, pig and sheep with a partial overlap of the human and pig fields. By contrast there is significant overlap in all the animal and human data fields from the Ketton site. The differences in data distribution between the two sites are attributed to animal husbandry techniques, as the surface geology of the two areas is very similar, implying geological factors are an unlikely cause of the difference. It is suggested that the grazing and feeding patterns of animals at the Empingham II site were controlled and restricted, whereas at the Ketton site the animals grazed and foraged freely over a common area.Strontium isotope variation within cattle molars from the two settlements show marked differences that reflect the nature of their feeding and rearing. The enamel from a cattle molar from the Empingham II site has a well-defined, systematic variation of Sr isotope composition with Sr concentration, whereas no such patterns exist in a comparable cattle molar from Ketton. Chemical and O isotope variations in the cattle tooth from Empingham II show sympathetic variation of Sr and Ba concentrations with Sr isotope composition from cusp to cervix. The cusp has higher Sr and Ba concentrations log (Sr/Ca) ratio of −3.1 and 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.71151 where as the cervical region of the enamel has log (Sr/Ca) = −3.3 and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.71061.
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022
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Most of a human skeleton excavated at Stonehenge in 1923, believed destroyed in the London bombin... more Most of a human skeleton excavated at Stonehenge in 1923, believed destroyed in the London bombing of 1941, was re-located in 1999. New study of the bones shows them to represent a man of Anglo-Saxon era (not Neolithic or Roman as previously suggested) aged 28-32, born in central southern England. He had been beheaded, probably with a sword. The historical context for this incident is discussed.
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The role of Work Package (WP) 2 of the PADAMOT project – ‘Palaeohydrogeological Data Measurements... more The role of Work Package (WP) 2 of the PADAMOT project – ‘Palaeohydrogeological Data Measurements’ - has been to study late-stage fracture mineral and water samples from groundwater systems in Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and the Czech Republic, with the aim of understanding the recent palaeohydrogeological evolution of these groundwater systems. In particular, the project sought to develop and evaluate methods for obtaining information about past groundwater evolution during the Quaternary (about the last 2 million years) by examining how the late-stage mineralization might record mineralogical, petrographical and geochemical evidence of how the groundwater system may have responded to past geological and climatological changes. Fracture-flow groundwater systems at six European sites were studied: • Melechov Hill, in the Bohemian Massif of the Czech Republic: a shallow (0-100 m) dilute groundwater flow system within the near-surface weathering zone in fractured granitic rocks; • C...
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British Archaeology can reveal details of research on a late Roman skeleton first announced last ... more British Archaeology can reveal details of research on a late Roman skeleton first announced last October. Distinctive artefacts found with a man excavated in 1972 suggested he had come from eastern Europe in the fifth century AD. Scientific analysis of his teeth has ...
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British archaeology, 2004
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Papers by Carolyn Chenery