The Building 834 Complex at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Site 300, has been ... more The Building 834 Complex at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Site 300, has been used by the weapons development programs at LLNL as a testing facility for measuring component response to environmental stresses such as extreme temperature. The heat-exchange system at the facility used trichloroethene TCE, at times with adjuvants, as the primary heat-transfer media for over 20 years. Accidental spills, pipe failures, and seal blowouts over that period contributed to a substantial contaminant plume in a perched water-bearing zone underlying the Complex. Individual wells near the source area have produced ground water samples with TCE concentrations exceeding 800,000 ppb. In the last several years, the authors have developed a modular ground water and soil vapor extraction system for remediating the plume source area. The modular facility design permits the testing of new technologies to expedite remediation, and/or reduce the quantity of hazardous wastes generated as b...
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 2011
A phytochemical analytical study was conducted to address the question of whether Lophophora will... more A phytochemical analytical study was conducted to address the question of whether Lophophora williamsii (peyote) plants from Chihuahuan Desert populations in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas exhibited higher tissue concentrations of mescaline than plants from Tamaulipan Thornscrub populations of South Texas. This question is of cultural significance to the Native American peyote religion, which involves the ingestion of peyote as a psychopharmacologically active sacrament. Tissue samples were field-collected from 10 individuals in each of four L. williamsii populations, two of which were located in the Chihuahuan Desert, and two of which were located in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub ecoregion. For each of the four populations, the tissue samples from 10 individual plants were pooled, the alkaloids were extracted, and the average mescaline concentration of the population was determined by HPLC. There was limited geographic variation in mescaline concentration; the highest concentrati...
Author(s): Oldenburg, Curt M.; Daley, Paul F.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Hinds, Jennifer; Jordan, Prest... more Author(s): Oldenburg, Curt M.; Daley, Paul F.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Hinds, Jennifer; Jordan, Preston D.
Seven-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) saplings and one- and two-year... more Seven-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) saplings and one- and two-year-old ponderosa pine seedlings of a Sierra Nevada and a Rocky Mountain seed source, respectively, were exposed to CO(2)-enriched atmospheres in an outdoor open-top chamber facility for 2.5 years. Seedling growth (main stem diameter, height, volume) increased with increasing CO(2) concentration, though the two populations exhibited different patterns of response. By the beginning of the last growth season, however, the trees under the highest CO(2) concentrations showed signs of stress that included accelerated needle abscision, chlorosis, and apparent alteration of tolerance to heat. The stress response is at least partly attributable to elevated foliar temperatures resulting from CO(2)-induced stomatal closure, which in turn lowered transpirational cooling of needles.
... Potential consequences of virus infection for shade-sun acclimation in leaves Auteur(s) / Aut... more ... Potential consequences of virus infection for shade-sun acclimation in leaves Auteur(s) / Author(s). OSMOND CB ; BERRY JA ; BALACHANDRAN S. ; BUÊCHEN-OSMOND C. ; DALEY PF ; HODGSON RAJ ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). ...
We have carried out numerical simulations of three-dimensional nonisothermal flow around an in si... more We have carried out numerical simulations of three-dimensional nonisothermal flow around an in situ heatbased flow sensor to investigate how formation heterogeneities can affect the interpretation of ground water flow velocities from this instrument. The flow sensor operates by constant heating of a 0.75-m-long, 5-cm-diameter cylindrical probe, which contains 30 thermistors in contact with the formation. The temperature evolution at each thermistor can be inverted to obtain an estimate of the ground water flow velocity vector using the standard interpretive method, which assumes that the formation is homogeneous. Analysis of data from heat-based flow sensors installed in a sand aquifer at the Former Fort Ord Army Base near Monterey, California, suggested an unexpected component of downward flow. The magnitudes of the vertical velocities were expected to be much less than those of the horizontal velocities at this site because the sensors were installed just above a clay aquitard. Nu...
Field tests of a remote fiber optic chemical sensor have recently been completed. The sensor has ... more Field tests of a remote fiber optic chemical sensor have recently been completed. The sensor has measured trace quantities of organohalides in the vadose zone and groundwater. Due to its toxicological importance and accessibility, a specific contaminant monitored was trichloroethylene (TCE). Two elements considered in these field measurements included temperature and carbon dioxide (CO[sub 2]) fluctuations. The effects of these properties on the sensor have been modeled in the lab. These results were used in the final determination of TCE concentration. Department of Energy (DOE) sites where remediation work is in progress provided opportunities for testing the sensor. One test was conducted in the vadose zone over sampling wells at the Savannah River Plant DOE integrated test site. Measurements were made before and several months after remediation procedures were in progress. A series of wells was selected with discretely screened depth intervals. Data were collected over a range o...
The Building 834 Complex at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Site 300, has been ... more The Building 834 Complex at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Site 300, has been used by the weapons development programs at LLNL as a testing facility for measuring component response to environmental stresses such as extreme temperature. The heat-exchange system at the facility used trichloroethene TCE, at times with adjuvants, as the primary heat-transfer media for over 20 years. Accidental spills, pipe failures, and seal blowouts over that period contributed to a substantial contaminant plume in a perched water-bearing zone underlying the Complex. Individual wells near the source area have produced ground water samples with TCE concentrations exceeding 800,000 ppb. In the last several years, the authors have developed a modular ground water and soil vapor extraction system for remediating the plume source area. The modular facility design permits the testing of new technologies to expedite remediation, and/or reduce the quantity of hazardous wastes generated as b...
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 2011
A phytochemical analytical study was conducted to address the question of whether Lophophora will... more A phytochemical analytical study was conducted to address the question of whether Lophophora williamsii (peyote) plants from Chihuahuan Desert populations in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas exhibited higher tissue concentrations of mescaline than plants from Tamaulipan Thornscrub populations of South Texas. This question is of cultural significance to the Native American peyote religion, which involves the ingestion of peyote as a psychopharmacologically active sacrament. Tissue samples were field-collected from 10 individuals in each of four L. williamsii populations, two of which were located in the Chihuahuan Desert, and two of which were located in the Tamaulipan Thornscrub ecoregion. For each of the four populations, the tissue samples from 10 individual plants were pooled, the alkaloids were extracted, and the average mescaline concentration of the population was determined by HPLC. There was limited geographic variation in mescaline concentration; the highest concentrati...
Author(s): Oldenburg, Curt M.; Daley, Paul F.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Hinds, Jennifer; Jordan, Prest... more Author(s): Oldenburg, Curt M.; Daley, Paul F.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Hinds, Jennifer; Jordan, Preston D.
Seven-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) saplings and one- and two-year... more Seven-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) saplings and one- and two-year-old ponderosa pine seedlings of a Sierra Nevada and a Rocky Mountain seed source, respectively, were exposed to CO(2)-enriched atmospheres in an outdoor open-top chamber facility for 2.5 years. Seedling growth (main stem diameter, height, volume) increased with increasing CO(2) concentration, though the two populations exhibited different patterns of response. By the beginning of the last growth season, however, the trees under the highest CO(2) concentrations showed signs of stress that included accelerated needle abscision, chlorosis, and apparent alteration of tolerance to heat. The stress response is at least partly attributable to elevated foliar temperatures resulting from CO(2)-induced stomatal closure, which in turn lowered transpirational cooling of needles.
... Potential consequences of virus infection for shade-sun acclimation in leaves Auteur(s) / Aut... more ... Potential consequences of virus infection for shade-sun acclimation in leaves Auteur(s) / Author(s). OSMOND CB ; BERRY JA ; BALACHANDRAN S. ; BUÊCHEN-OSMOND C. ; DALEY PF ; HODGSON RAJ ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). ...
We have carried out numerical simulations of three-dimensional nonisothermal flow around an in si... more We have carried out numerical simulations of three-dimensional nonisothermal flow around an in situ heatbased flow sensor to investigate how formation heterogeneities can affect the interpretation of ground water flow velocities from this instrument. The flow sensor operates by constant heating of a 0.75-m-long, 5-cm-diameter cylindrical probe, which contains 30 thermistors in contact with the formation. The temperature evolution at each thermistor can be inverted to obtain an estimate of the ground water flow velocity vector using the standard interpretive method, which assumes that the formation is homogeneous. Analysis of data from heat-based flow sensors installed in a sand aquifer at the Former Fort Ord Army Base near Monterey, California, suggested an unexpected component of downward flow. The magnitudes of the vertical velocities were expected to be much less than those of the horizontal velocities at this site because the sensors were installed just above a clay aquitard. Nu...
Field tests of a remote fiber optic chemical sensor have recently been completed. The sensor has ... more Field tests of a remote fiber optic chemical sensor have recently been completed. The sensor has measured trace quantities of organohalides in the vadose zone and groundwater. Due to its toxicological importance and accessibility, a specific contaminant monitored was trichloroethylene (TCE). Two elements considered in these field measurements included temperature and carbon dioxide (CO[sub 2]) fluctuations. The effects of these properties on the sensor have been modeled in the lab. These results were used in the final determination of TCE concentration. Department of Energy (DOE) sites where remediation work is in progress provided opportunities for testing the sensor. One test was conducted in the vadose zone over sampling wells at the Savannah River Plant DOE integrated test site. Measurements were made before and several months after remediation procedures were in progress. A series of wells was selected with discretely screened depth intervals. Data were collected over a range o...
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