Numerical Heat Transfer Part a Applications, Aug 16, 2010
ABSTRACT This study is made of an enhancement of a mixed-convection heat transfer in a channel co... more ABSTRACT This study is made of an enhancement of a mixed-convection heat transfer in a channel containing multiple porous blocks heated from below. The heat flux from the most upstream heater varies in a sinusoidal form, while other heaters have a constant heat flux. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model and two-equation energy model are adopted to characterize the flow and temperature fields inside porous regions. The explicit effect of thermal modulation at the upstream heater is examined by acquiring comprehensive numerical solutions. The heat transfer enhancement is pronounced at the far downstream heaters when resonance is realized. The resonance frequency is close to the characteristic frequency of the system, which scales with the time for the main stream to travel from a heater to a neighboring heater. The evolutions of flow and temperature fields are exemplified to provide physical interpretations. The effects of pore density and of porous block height are reported. The benefit of heat transfer augmentation, as opposed to the increased friction factor, is assessed to justify the use of thermal modulation in the upstream heater.
Journal of pathology and translational medicine, Jan 18, 2015
: Increasing evidence has shown that tumor initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopu... more : Increasing evidence has shown that tumor initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass. CSCs are posited to be responsible for tumor maintenance, growth, distant metastasis, and relapse after curative operation. We examined the expression of CSC markers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated the results with clinicopathologic characteristics. : Immunohistochemical staining for the markers believed to be expressed in the CSCs, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), keratin 19 (K19), CD133, and CD56, was performed in 82 HCC specimens. : EpCAM expression was observed in 56% of the HCCs (46/82) and K19 in 6% (5/82). EpCAM expression in HCC significantly correlated with elevated α-fetoprotein level, microvessel invasion of tumor cells, and high histologic grade. In addition, EpCAM expression significantly correlated with K19 expression. The overall survival and relapse-free survival rates in patients with EpCAM-expressing HCC were relatively lower than those in patients with EpCAM-negative HCC. All but two of the 82 HCCs were negative for CD133 and CD56, respectively. : Our results suggest that HCCs expressing EpCAM are associated with unfavorable prognostic factors and have a more aggressive clinical course than those not expressing EpCAM. Further, the expression of both CD133 and CD56 in paraffin-embedded HCC tissues appears to be rare.
Numerical Heat Transfer Part a Applications, Aug 16, 2010
ABSTRACT This study is made of an enhancement of a mixed-convection heat transfer in a channel co... more ABSTRACT This study is made of an enhancement of a mixed-convection heat transfer in a channel containing multiple porous blocks heated from below. The heat flux from the most upstream heater varies in a sinusoidal form, while other heaters have a constant heat flux. The Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model and two-equation energy model are adopted to characterize the flow and temperature fields inside porous regions. The explicit effect of thermal modulation at the upstream heater is examined by acquiring comprehensive numerical solutions. The heat transfer enhancement is pronounced at the far downstream heaters when resonance is realized. The resonance frequency is close to the characteristic frequency of the system, which scales with the time for the main stream to travel from a heater to a neighboring heater. The evolutions of flow and temperature fields are exemplified to provide physical interpretations. The effects of pore density and of porous block height are reported. The benefit of heat transfer augmentation, as opposed to the increased friction factor, is assessed to justify the use of thermal modulation in the upstream heater.
Journal of pathology and translational medicine, Jan 18, 2015
: Increasing evidence has shown that tumor initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopu... more : Increasing evidence has shown that tumor initiation and growth are nourished by a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor mass. CSCs are posited to be responsible for tumor maintenance, growth, distant metastasis, and relapse after curative operation. We examined the expression of CSC markers in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlated the results with clinicopathologic characteristics. : Immunohistochemical staining for the markers believed to be expressed in the CSCs, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), keratin 19 (K19), CD133, and CD56, was performed in 82 HCC specimens. : EpCAM expression was observed in 56% of the HCCs (46/82) and K19 in 6% (5/82). EpCAM expression in HCC significantly correlated with elevated α-fetoprotein level, microvessel invasion of tumor cells, and high histologic grade. In addition, EpCAM expression significantly correlated with K19 expression. The overall survival and relapse-free survival rates in patients with EpCAM-expressing HCC were relatively lower than those in patients with EpCAM-negative HCC. All but two of the 82 HCCs were negative for CD133 and CD56, respectively. : Our results suggest that HCCs expressing EpCAM are associated with unfavorable prognostic factors and have a more aggressive clinical course than those not expressing EpCAM. Further, the expression of both CD133 and CD56 in paraffin-embedded HCC tissues appears to be rare.
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