Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum res... more Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation C andidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ∆P using data from Pressure buil...
With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being cons... more With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being considered as options to quell the growing energy demand. These unconventional energy resources like oil sand, shale oil, shale gas, tight gas, are fast becoming alternatives to complement the conventional energy resources. Tar sand exploitation is being commercialized globally. With success stories from Canada, Venezuela and U.S.A., other countries tend to follow. Nigerian tar sands, which is similar to Canada's tar sand in terms of chemical composition, water wet nature, etc., has some characteristics which will yield enormous economic benefit when exploited. The possibility of producing heavy oil from the Nigerian tar sand deposits by steam stimulation was evaluated in this paper with respect to the technology (Cyclic Steam Stimulation), environmental impact and the economic analysis, with Canada's success stories used as reference point. The result of the study showed that heavy ...
The era of easy oil is diminishing fast, and companies are looking for oil in remote and hazardou... more The era of easy oil is diminishing fast, and companies are looking for oil in remote and hazardous terrains. This, combined with low oil prices, makes drilling for new reserves very expensive and risky. This then considers enhanced oil recovery processes, which increases the amount of oil that can be recovered from a reservoir. This study was aimed at determining the suitability of Gum Arabic as a polymer for EOR operations using numerical simulation. This was done by matching core flooding experiments using Eclipse. The simulation results gave a waterflood oil recovery match of 53% as compared with the experimental recovery of 55% while ASP flooding gave an oil recovery match of 80.53% as compared with the experimental recovery of 82%. Upscaling from core to field simulation, the ASP slug formulated increased field total oil production by increasing recovery from 62.48% at the end of the water flooding to 85.8%. This indeed shows the potential of gum Arabic for EOR operations.
With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being cons... more With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being considered as options to quell the growing energy demand. These unconventional energy resources like oil sand, shale oil, shale gas, tight gas, are fast becoming alternatives to complement the conventional energy resources. Tar sand exploitation is being commercialized globally. With success stories from Canada, Venezuela and U.S.A., other countries tend to follow. Nigerian tar sands, which is similar to Canada’s tar sand in terms of chemical composition, water wet nature, etc., has some characteristics which will yield enormous economic benefit when exploited. The possibility of producing heavy oil from the Nigerian tar sand deposits by steam stimulation was evaluated in this paper with respect to the technology (Cyclic Steam Stimulation), environmental impact and the economic analysis, with Canada’s success stories used as reference point. The result of the study showed that heavy oil coul...
Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum res... more Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation Candidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ΔP using data from Pressure build...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
Oil rim reservoirs are often troublesome to produce commercially as a result of the adverse effec... more Oil rim reservoirs are often troublesome to produce commercially as a result of the adverse effect of coning and cusping/cresting. In this study, deviated and horizontal wells were employed to determine the optimal well type to be drilled in the "GISO" oil rim reservoir in order to attain optimum oil recovery while reducing uneccessary cost. The GISO oil rim reservoir considered in this study had a thickness of 8ft with grid dimensions of 91×74×20 in the i, j, and k coordinates respectively, and contained a dynamic reservoir oil volume of 9.37MMSTB. Results obtained from simulation revealed that there was not enough oil recovered from the subject oil rim reservoir, owing to the fact that that the reservoir had a very small oil column thickness and this led to the early encroachment of water into the oil column. Three horizontal wells and one deviated well were simulated in the oil rim in order to determine the preferred well type for optimum hydrocarbon recovery for a peri...
International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 2018
Drilling mud is an essential component in well drilling processes. The high temperature at the bo... more Drilling mud is an essential component in well drilling processes. The high temperature at the bottom of wells tend to reduce the mud viscosity and density, thereby affects the ability of the mud to perform its useful purpose in the drilling operation. Additives are usually added to the mud to enhance its properties to meet desired specifications. Carboxylmethyl Cellulose (CMC) is added to increase the mud viscosity and barite is added to increase the mud density. This work presents an investigation on possible substitutes for these additives. Locally sourced materials, Cassava (Manihot manifera) and Water yam (Dioscoria alata) were compared to barite and CMC. The properties measured are the rheological properties of the mud slurry which are plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength, mud density, filtration properties at varying high temperatures (120 – 150oF), and hydrogen-ion (pH value). The results revealed that both local additives can serve as weightin...
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019
Abstract With increasing strict environmental laws, there is a need for operators to design a ben... more Abstract With increasing strict environmental laws, there is a need for operators to design a benign oil-based muds (OBMs). In this study, oil extracted from non-edible sweet almond seed (SASO) was used as the continuous phase to formulate biodiesel-based drilling mud (BBDM). Different properties of the BBDM including the economic viability were evaluated and compared with those of the diesel OBM to determine the applicability of these properties for drilling fluids and their level of toxicity to the environment. The results indicate that the rheology, filtration properties, electrical stability, thermal stability and shale swelling inhibition performance of the BBDM are comparable with those of the diesel OBM. The biodiesel has a significantly higher flash point of 169 °C than the diesel with 78 °C; demonstrating that it can supply better fire safety than the diesel. The data of the toxicity test indicate SASO to be safer and less harmful compared to diesel #2 type used. After the 28-day period of biodegradation tests, the BBDM and the diesel OBM showed 83% and 25.2% aerobic biodegradation with Penicillium sp., respectively. The low branching degree and absence of aromatic compounds in the BBDM contributes for its higher biodegradation. The economic evaluation of the BBDM indicates low cost of formulation and waste management. The general outcome of the tests illustrates that SASO has the potentials of being one of the technically and environmentally feasible substitutes for the diesel OBM.
Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, 2018
This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Niger... more This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Nigeria with comparison with that of Canada being the world largest producer of crude oil from bitumen. This study employed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods in conducting laboratory experiments in order to determine the viscosity, specific gravity, API gravity, pour point and flash point. A Gas Chromatograph (GC) was used to determine the hydrocarbon content of the bitumen samples. Test results show that the bitumen samples have specific gravity of 1.01 with a 0.9962 OAPI for Yegbata, while the Agbabu bitumen sample had 8.599 specific gravity and 10.54 OAPI. Kinematic viscosity ranges of 1.0×102 – 3.3×104 and 1.6×103 – 5.6×104, flash point of 288oC and 282oC and pour point of 44oC and 47oC. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the samples contained 46.35% and 7.59% saturates, 21.63% and 64.39% aromatics and 32.03% and 28.01% resins for Agbabu and Yegbata re...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
Inadequate wellbore cleaning contributes to several major drilling problems such as; increase in ... more Inadequate wellbore cleaning contributes to several major drilling problems such as; increase in torque and drag that can limit the reach to target, mechanical pipe sticking, difficulties in casing and cementing and logging operations that can increase well cost significantly. Meanwhile, effective removal of drilled cuttings from the wellbore improves penetration rate and drilling efficiency. Herein, water-based mud was formulated with nanosilica to enhance cuttings and solid particles transport from the wellbore to the surface. Four different weight percent concentrations of nanosilica (0.001, 0.003, 0.005 and 0.01 wt.%) at three different flow rates in litres/seconds (0.4, 0.6 and 1.0) and cutting size (small, medium and large) were used to investigate the formulated water-based mud lifting capacity of the drilled cuttings and other solid particles. Thereafter, the hole cleaning efficiency of the water-based mud containing nanosilica was compared to conventional water-based mud. T...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Nigeria is gradually advancing into the secondary stage of oil recovery, necessitating preparatio... more Nigeria is gradually advancing into the secondary stage of oil recovery, necessitating preparation for tertiary oil recovery especially enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Considering the high cost of EOR agents, it is imperative to investigate the performance of available local EOR agents against foreign agents when these agents (such as surfactants and polymers) are used in combination. Oil displacement experiments were thus conducted using foreign and local surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkaline-polymer (AP) agents on Nigerian crude and their results were compared. The experiments entailed using different percentage ratios of surfactants to polymers and alkaline to polymer. Four kinds of Alkaline were also used to displace residual oil from sand to find out what type of alkaline displaces oil better. The displacement efficiencies obtained from experimental results showed that the foreign EOR agents performed better than the local EOR agents. For the SP agents, the foreign SP displaced abo...
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the de... more This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum res... more Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation C andidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ∆P using data from Pressure buil...
With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being cons... more With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being considered as options to quell the growing energy demand. These unconventional energy resources like oil sand, shale oil, shale gas, tight gas, are fast becoming alternatives to complement the conventional energy resources. Tar sand exploitation is being commercialized globally. With success stories from Canada, Venezuela and U.S.A., other countries tend to follow. Nigerian tar sands, which is similar to Canada's tar sand in terms of chemical composition, water wet nature, etc., has some characteristics which will yield enormous economic benefit when exploited. The possibility of producing heavy oil from the Nigerian tar sand deposits by steam stimulation was evaluated in this paper with respect to the technology (Cyclic Steam Stimulation), environmental impact and the economic analysis, with Canada's success stories used as reference point. The result of the study showed that heavy ...
The era of easy oil is diminishing fast, and companies are looking for oil in remote and hazardou... more The era of easy oil is diminishing fast, and companies are looking for oil in remote and hazardous terrains. This, combined with low oil prices, makes drilling for new reserves very expensive and risky. This then considers enhanced oil recovery processes, which increases the amount of oil that can be recovered from a reservoir. This study was aimed at determining the suitability of Gum Arabic as a polymer for EOR operations using numerical simulation. This was done by matching core flooding experiments using Eclipse. The simulation results gave a waterflood oil recovery match of 53% as compared with the experimental recovery of 55% while ASP flooding gave an oil recovery match of 80.53% as compared with the experimental recovery of 82%. Upscaling from core to field simulation, the ASP slug formulated increased field total oil production by increasing recovery from 62.48% at the end of the water flooding to 85.8%. This indeed shows the potential of gum Arabic for EOR operations.
With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being cons... more With the upward surge in global demand for energy, unconventional energy resources are being considered as options to quell the growing energy demand. These unconventional energy resources like oil sand, shale oil, shale gas, tight gas, are fast becoming alternatives to complement the conventional energy resources. Tar sand exploitation is being commercialized globally. With success stories from Canada, Venezuela and U.S.A., other countries tend to follow. Nigerian tar sands, which is similar to Canada’s tar sand in terms of chemical composition, water wet nature, etc., has some characteristics which will yield enormous economic benefit when exploited. The possibility of producing heavy oil from the Nigerian tar sand deposits by steam stimulation was evaluated in this paper with respect to the technology (Cyclic Steam Stimulation), environmental impact and the economic analysis, with Canada’s success stories used as reference point. The result of the study showed that heavy oil coul...
Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum res... more Formation damage is a major problem experienced in the operation and development of petroleum reservoir. Its occurrence, occasioned with the release of particles, water, emulsions or scales, hitherto impairs the hydrocarbon delivery/transport system. Formation or skin damage impedes flow of fluids into the wellbore and cause low permeability, hence reducing the productivity of the wells. The production loss directly reflects the economic loss due to formation damage. In the extreme, damage may cause the Well to be uneconomic and be shut-in. The objectives of this project was to determine Stimulation Candidate for three (3) Wells in the Niger Delta Oilfield, using the R ratios, stimulate the candidate wells and make comparison between the wells with regard to the Pre-Stimulation and Post-Stimulation analysis. An analytical method was used to calculate Productivity Index, PI; Permeability, K; Skin, S; Production Rate, q, R-Ratio and Pressure Drawdown, ΔP using data from Pressure build...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
Oil rim reservoirs are often troublesome to produce commercially as a result of the adverse effec... more Oil rim reservoirs are often troublesome to produce commercially as a result of the adverse effect of coning and cusping/cresting. In this study, deviated and horizontal wells were employed to determine the optimal well type to be drilled in the "GISO" oil rim reservoir in order to attain optimum oil recovery while reducing uneccessary cost. The GISO oil rim reservoir considered in this study had a thickness of 8ft with grid dimensions of 91×74×20 in the i, j, and k coordinates respectively, and contained a dynamic reservoir oil volume of 9.37MMSTB. Results obtained from simulation revealed that there was not enough oil recovered from the subject oil rim reservoir, owing to the fact that that the reservoir had a very small oil column thickness and this led to the early encroachment of water into the oil column. Three horizontal wells and one deviated well were simulated in the oil rim in order to determine the preferred well type for optimum hydrocarbon recovery for a peri...
International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa, 2018
Drilling mud is an essential component in well drilling processes. The high temperature at the bo... more Drilling mud is an essential component in well drilling processes. The high temperature at the bottom of wells tend to reduce the mud viscosity and density, thereby affects the ability of the mud to perform its useful purpose in the drilling operation. Additives are usually added to the mud to enhance its properties to meet desired specifications. Carboxylmethyl Cellulose (CMC) is added to increase the mud viscosity and barite is added to increase the mud density. This work presents an investigation on possible substitutes for these additives. Locally sourced materials, Cassava (Manihot manifera) and Water yam (Dioscoria alata) were compared to barite and CMC. The properties measured are the rheological properties of the mud slurry which are plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength, mud density, filtration properties at varying high temperatures (120 – 150oF), and hydrogen-ion (pH value). The results revealed that both local additives can serve as weightin...
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019
Abstract With increasing strict environmental laws, there is a need for operators to design a ben... more Abstract With increasing strict environmental laws, there is a need for operators to design a benign oil-based muds (OBMs). In this study, oil extracted from non-edible sweet almond seed (SASO) was used as the continuous phase to formulate biodiesel-based drilling mud (BBDM). Different properties of the BBDM including the economic viability were evaluated and compared with those of the diesel OBM to determine the applicability of these properties for drilling fluids and their level of toxicity to the environment. The results indicate that the rheology, filtration properties, electrical stability, thermal stability and shale swelling inhibition performance of the BBDM are comparable with those of the diesel OBM. The biodiesel has a significantly higher flash point of 169 °C than the diesel with 78 °C; demonstrating that it can supply better fire safety than the diesel. The data of the toxicity test indicate SASO to be safer and less harmful compared to diesel #2 type used. After the 28-day period of biodegradation tests, the BBDM and the diesel OBM showed 83% and 25.2% aerobic biodegradation with Penicillium sp., respectively. The low branching degree and absence of aromatic compounds in the BBDM contributes for its higher biodegradation. The economic evaluation of the BBDM indicates low cost of formulation and waste management. The general outcome of the tests illustrates that SASO has the potentials of being one of the technically and environmentally feasible substitutes for the diesel OBM.
Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, 2018
This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Niger... more This experimental work evaluates the physical properties of Abagbu and Yegbata bitumen from Nigeria with comparison with that of Canada being the world largest producer of crude oil from bitumen. This study employed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods in conducting laboratory experiments in order to determine the viscosity, specific gravity, API gravity, pour point and flash point. A Gas Chromatograph (GC) was used to determine the hydrocarbon content of the bitumen samples. Test results show that the bitumen samples have specific gravity of 1.01 with a 0.9962 OAPI for Yegbata, while the Agbabu bitumen sample had 8.599 specific gravity and 10.54 OAPI. Kinematic viscosity ranges of 1.0×102 – 3.3×104 and 1.6×103 – 5.6×104, flash point of 288oC and 282oC and pour point of 44oC and 47oC. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the samples contained 46.35% and 7.59% saturates, 21.63% and 64.39% aromatics and 32.03% and 28.01% resins for Agbabu and Yegbata re...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2018
Inadequate wellbore cleaning contributes to several major drilling problems such as; increase in ... more Inadequate wellbore cleaning contributes to several major drilling problems such as; increase in torque and drag that can limit the reach to target, mechanical pipe sticking, difficulties in casing and cementing and logging operations that can increase well cost significantly. Meanwhile, effective removal of drilled cuttings from the wellbore improves penetration rate and drilling efficiency. Herein, water-based mud was formulated with nanosilica to enhance cuttings and solid particles transport from the wellbore to the surface. Four different weight percent concentrations of nanosilica (0.001, 0.003, 0.005 and 0.01 wt.%) at three different flow rates in litres/seconds (0.4, 0.6 and 1.0) and cutting size (small, medium and large) were used to investigate the formulated water-based mud lifting capacity of the drilled cuttings and other solid particles. Thereafter, the hole cleaning efficiency of the water-based mud containing nanosilica was compared to conventional water-based mud. T...
SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, 2015
Nigeria is gradually advancing into the secondary stage of oil recovery, necessitating preparatio... more Nigeria is gradually advancing into the secondary stage of oil recovery, necessitating preparation for tertiary oil recovery especially enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Considering the high cost of EOR agents, it is imperative to investigate the performance of available local EOR agents against foreign agents when these agents (such as surfactants and polymers) are used in combination. Oil displacement experiments were thus conducted using foreign and local surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkaline-polymer (AP) agents on Nigerian crude and their results were compared. The experiments entailed using different percentage ratios of surfactants to polymers and alkaline to polymer. Four kinds of Alkaline were also used to displace residual oil from sand to find out what type of alkaline displaces oil better. The displacement efficiencies obtained from experimental results showed that the foreign EOR agents performed better than the local EOR agents. For the SP agents, the foreign SP displaced abo...
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the de... more This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 70; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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