"Technoference" describes the distraction from interpersonal activities that can occur ... more "Technoference" describes the distraction from interpersonal activities that can occur due to use of mobile screen devices. Focusing on parent-infant interactions, our study investigated the associations between potential sources of "technoference" and parental responsiveness, scaffolding and directiveness toward their infant, and coordinated joint attention (CJA). Previous research demonstrates that each of these dimensions is related to early language development. Potential sources of "technoference" employed in our study included the amount of time the parent spends on their mobile device per hour when with their infant; the number of audible notifications the parent receives per hour, the number of times per hour they check their device; and parents' score on the Distraction In Social Relations and Use of Parent Technology (DISRUPT) scale. We investigated associations between our measures of parental "technoference" and infants' language development, and whether parental responsiveness, scaffolding, directiveness or parent-infant CJA mediate associations between "technoference" and language. Frequency of audible notifications negatively predicted infant vocabulary, and this relationship was fully mediated by parental directiveness.
This is a conference paper presentation showing the structure of the SCOF v2 with NZ high school ... more This is a conference paper presentation showing the structure of the SCOF v2 with NZ high school students and linking those beliefs to academic achievement. The correct citation is:Irving, S. E., Peterson, E. R., & Brown, G. T. L. (2008, July). Feedback and academic achievement: The relationship between students' conceptions of feedback and achievement 6th Biennial Conference of the International Test Commission, Liverpool, UK. <br><br>
Inhibitory control is central to developmental trajectories of cognitive, emotional and social fu... more Inhibitory control is central to developmental trajectories of cognitive, emotional and social functioning in children. Here, inhibitory control was measured using the Luria hand clap task (an adapted version of the Luria pencil tap task). A sample of 5,448 children age 4½ years and their mothers from a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort were included in this study. Antenatal maternal health indictors, child characteristics and performance on the Luria hand clap task were assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Seven covariates, including mother’s ethnicity and education, and child’s gender, age and birthweight were included. Based on Luria task performance scores that approximated the 25th and 50th percentiles, children were categorised into three groups (low, intermediate, high). High Luria task performance was associated with maternal relationship status, maternal education, first trimester folate supplementation, maternal BMI and smoking before pr...
Educational Psychology: Concepts, Research and Challenges, Jan 20, 2011
It is generally accepted within education circles that teacher expectations have effects on stude... more It is generally accepted within education circles that teacher expectations have effects on student achievement. Much early research in this area concentrated on ways teachers interacted with students for whom they had correspondingly high or low expectations (Brophy 1982, 1983, 1985; Cooper and Good 1983). Several differentiating behaviours were identified. For example, teachers praised students for whom they held high expectations (high expectation students) more frequently than those for whom they had low ...
Assessment reforms have tried to increase performance through increased self-and peer-assessment ... more Assessment reforms have tried to increase performance through increased self-and peer-assessment which are mediated by students' conceptions. How students understand the role and nature of assessment and feedback matters to academic performance. The degree to which students' conceptions of assessment and feedback predicted their mathematics achievement was investigated in a study of 499 Year 10 New Zealand secondary school students. The students' conceptions were measured using the Students' Conceptions of ...
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Dec 24, 2012
The few studies that have examined student beliefs by ethnicity have shown differing perceptions ... more The few studies that have examined student beliefs by ethnicity have shown differing perceptions on constructs such as self-regulated learning, attribution and perceptions of class climate. Further, the findings have varied from one cultural context to another. However, no studies have examined student beliefs about several psycho-social variables by ethnicity. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining student self-concept, motivation, perceptions of class climate and self-expectations of European, Maori ...
When fathers live away from their children, taking an active paternal role may become challenging... more When fathers live away from their children, taking an active paternal role may become challenging and can add to paternal psychological distress. In a large ( N = 3,980) diverse cohort, we found that nonresident fathers are more likely to be psychologically distressed than resident fathers (27.4% vs. 15.2%) and more likely to report wanting a change in the level of involvement they have in their child’s life (76.6% vs. 58.1%). Nonresident fathers were more likely to suffer economic hardship, unemployment, poor health, and have a depression and anxiety history ( ps < .001). However, the factors associated with increased psychological distress were largely the same across resident and nonresident fathers. The biggest stressors were managing work alongside family responsibilities and commitments, arguments with the partner, prior history of depression, and economic hardship or deprivation. Fathers’ actual levels of involvement and desired levels of involvement with their child did n...
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, Jun 6, 2018
Multivalent ligand-receptor interaction provides the fundamental basis for the hypothetical notio... more Multivalent ligand-receptor interaction provides the fundamental basis for the hypothetical notion that high binding avidity relates to the strong force of adhesion. Despite its increasing importance in the design of targeted nanoconjugates, an understanding of the physical forces underlying the multivalent interaction remains a subject of urgent investigation. In this study, we designed three vancomycin (Van)-conjugated dendrimers G5(Van) ( n = mean valency = 0, 1, 4) for bacterial targeting with generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a multivalent scaffold and evaluated both their binding avidity and physical force of adhesion to a bacterial model surface by employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The SPR experiment for these conjugates was performed in a biosensor chip surface immobilized with a bacterial cell-wall peptide Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala. Of these, G5(Van) bound most tightly with a K of 0.34 nM, which represents an increase in...
Child psychiatry and human development, Jan 2, 2018
Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcom... more Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcomes later in life. Child behavioural difficulties at 2 years of age (N = 6246) were assessed by mothers enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort study. 10.1% of children had total difficulties scores in the abnormal range on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. After controlling for maternal education, poverty, and child's birth age/weight, several antenatal and postnatal maternal health and family risk factors were significant for: (i) emotional problems (antenatal maternal perceived stress, lack of periconceptional folate, and moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety); (ii) hyperactivity-inattention (antenatal maternal perceived stress, mothers' antenatal exposure to secondhand smoke, moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety, and low maternal self-evaluation); (iii) conduct problems and total difficulties (antena...
"Technoference" describes the distraction from interpersonal activities that can occur ... more "Technoference" describes the distraction from interpersonal activities that can occur due to use of mobile screen devices. Focusing on parent-infant interactions, our study investigated the associations between potential sources of "technoference" and parental responsiveness, scaffolding and directiveness toward their infant, and coordinated joint attention (CJA). Previous research demonstrates that each of these dimensions is related to early language development. Potential sources of "technoference" employed in our study included the amount of time the parent spends on their mobile device per hour when with their infant; the number of audible notifications the parent receives per hour, the number of times per hour they check their device; and parents' score on the Distraction In Social Relations and Use of Parent Technology (DISRUPT) scale. We investigated associations between our measures of parental "technoference" and infants' language development, and whether parental responsiveness, scaffolding, directiveness or parent-infant CJA mediate associations between "technoference" and language. Frequency of audible notifications negatively predicted infant vocabulary, and this relationship was fully mediated by parental directiveness.
This is a conference paper presentation showing the structure of the SCOF v2 with NZ high school ... more This is a conference paper presentation showing the structure of the SCOF v2 with NZ high school students and linking those beliefs to academic achievement. The correct citation is:Irving, S. E., Peterson, E. R., & Brown, G. T. L. (2008, July). Feedback and academic achievement: The relationship between students' conceptions of feedback and achievement 6th Biennial Conference of the International Test Commission, Liverpool, UK. <br><br>
Inhibitory control is central to developmental trajectories of cognitive, emotional and social fu... more Inhibitory control is central to developmental trajectories of cognitive, emotional and social functioning in children. Here, inhibitory control was measured using the Luria hand clap task (an adapted version of the Luria pencil tap task). A sample of 5,448 children age 4½ years and their mothers from a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort were included in this study. Antenatal maternal health indictors, child characteristics and performance on the Luria hand clap task were assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Seven covariates, including mother’s ethnicity and education, and child’s gender, age and birthweight were included. Based on Luria task performance scores that approximated the 25th and 50th percentiles, children were categorised into three groups (low, intermediate, high). High Luria task performance was associated with maternal relationship status, maternal education, first trimester folate supplementation, maternal BMI and smoking before pr...
Educational Psychology: Concepts, Research and Challenges, Jan 20, 2011
It is generally accepted within education circles that teacher expectations have effects on stude... more It is generally accepted within education circles that teacher expectations have effects on student achievement. Much early research in this area concentrated on ways teachers interacted with students for whom they had correspondingly high or low expectations (Brophy 1982, 1983, 1985; Cooper and Good 1983). Several differentiating behaviours were identified. For example, teachers praised students for whom they held high expectations (high expectation students) more frequently than those for whom they had low ...
Assessment reforms have tried to increase performance through increased self-and peer-assessment ... more Assessment reforms have tried to increase performance through increased self-and peer-assessment which are mediated by students' conceptions. How students understand the role and nature of assessment and feedback matters to academic performance. The degree to which students' conceptions of assessment and feedback predicted their mathematics achievement was investigated in a study of 499 Year 10 New Zealand secondary school students. The students' conceptions were measured using the Students' Conceptions of ...
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Dec 24, 2012
The few studies that have examined student beliefs by ethnicity have shown differing perceptions ... more The few studies that have examined student beliefs by ethnicity have shown differing perceptions on constructs such as self-regulated learning, attribution and perceptions of class climate. Further, the findings have varied from one cultural context to another. However, no studies have examined student beliefs about several psycho-social variables by ethnicity. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining student self-concept, motivation, perceptions of class climate and self-expectations of European, Maori ...
When fathers live away from their children, taking an active paternal role may become challenging... more When fathers live away from their children, taking an active paternal role may become challenging and can add to paternal psychological distress. In a large ( N = 3,980) diverse cohort, we found that nonresident fathers are more likely to be psychologically distressed than resident fathers (27.4% vs. 15.2%) and more likely to report wanting a change in the level of involvement they have in their child’s life (76.6% vs. 58.1%). Nonresident fathers were more likely to suffer economic hardship, unemployment, poor health, and have a depression and anxiety history ( ps < .001). However, the factors associated with increased psychological distress were largely the same across resident and nonresident fathers. The biggest stressors were managing work alongside family responsibilities and commitments, arguments with the partner, prior history of depression, and economic hardship or deprivation. Fathers’ actual levels of involvement and desired levels of involvement with their child did n...
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, Jun 6, 2018
Multivalent ligand-receptor interaction provides the fundamental basis for the hypothetical notio... more Multivalent ligand-receptor interaction provides the fundamental basis for the hypothetical notion that high binding avidity relates to the strong force of adhesion. Despite its increasing importance in the design of targeted nanoconjugates, an understanding of the physical forces underlying the multivalent interaction remains a subject of urgent investigation. In this study, we designed three vancomycin (Van)-conjugated dendrimers G5(Van) ( n = mean valency = 0, 1, 4) for bacterial targeting with generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a multivalent scaffold and evaluated both their binding avidity and physical force of adhesion to a bacterial model surface by employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The SPR experiment for these conjugates was performed in a biosensor chip surface immobilized with a bacterial cell-wall peptide Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala. Of these, G5(Van) bound most tightly with a K of 0.34 nM, which represents an increase in...
Child psychiatry and human development, Jan 2, 2018
Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcom... more Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcomes later in life. Child behavioural difficulties at 2 years of age (N = 6246) were assessed by mothers enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort study. 10.1% of children had total difficulties scores in the abnormal range on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. After controlling for maternal education, poverty, and child's birth age/weight, several antenatal and postnatal maternal health and family risk factors were significant for: (i) emotional problems (antenatal maternal perceived stress, lack of periconceptional folate, and moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety); (ii) hyperactivity-inattention (antenatal maternal perceived stress, mothers' antenatal exposure to secondhand smoke, moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety, and low maternal self-evaluation); (iii) conduct problems and total difficulties (antena...
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