Çalışma Ankara ilinde bulunan öğrencilere ait fiziksel uygunluk bileşenlerinin bazılarını, cinsiy... more Çalışma Ankara ilinde bulunan öğrencilere ait fiziksel uygunluk bileşenlerinin bazılarını, cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarına göre ortaya koymayı, becerilerin çocuklara göre nasıl özgünlük gösterdiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bunun için rastgele seçilmiş 243 öğrenciye, esneklik, denge, görsel-işitsel reaksiyon, disklere dokunma, kavrama kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, dikey sıçrama, durarak öne atlama, bara asılma, mekik, 6 dakika koş-yürü testleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçümlere ait ortalama, standart sapma ve dağılımlara ilişkin analizler yaş, cinsiyet gruplarına göre tablolaştırılmıştır. Avrupada ve ülkemizde aynı yaş grubunda yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre daha düşük performans değerleri elde edilirken, yaş ve cinsiyete göre ortaya koyulan bulgular benzer özellik göstermektedir. Denge ve bara asılma testlerinin denekler arasında diğer testlere göre yüksek beceri farklılıkları gösterdiği, diğer testlerde ortaya koyulan yaşa ve cinsiyete bağlı değişim bu iki testte belirgin şekilde ortaya çıkmadığı görülmektedir.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance and body fat values of a team playi... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance and body fat values of a team playing in the Turkish Handball Super League and to compare them with the international values and also to contribute the national norm to develop for the handball players. Methods: Male players from a team playing in the Turkish Handball Super League as experimental group (n=12) and university students as control group (n=12) participated in the study. The relationship among static balance, body fat percentage and some anthropometric parameters of subjects whose average age was = 29.3±4.1 years for experimental group and = 23.2±2.1 years for control group was investigated. The statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The sport age, height and weight values of the handball players were significantly higher than the values of university students. The body fat percentage of handball players (13.3±3.1) was also higher than of the university students (12.2±2.1). As the balance values of handball players (8.2±3.1) were better than the values of control group (8.9±7.5) on the right foot, the values of control group (6.0±2.6) were better than of elite handball players (7.4±2.3) on the left foot. Conclusion: As a result, even if it could be found some differences between the elite handball players and the control group among the static balance values, body fat percentage and anthropometric parameters, these differences weren't statistically significant. The physical and anthropometric features of elite handball players showed similarities with the other international players.
Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine lev... more Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after aerobic exercise and to compare the mineral levels detected after the exercise by taking the gender into account. Method: Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 1 hour after a 20-meter shuttle run test. Macro elements were detected by using the plasma emission spectroscopy method, and the significance level was accepted as P<0.05. Findings: A statistically significant difference was not observed in macro element levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after the training. In females, the chlorine level in all three periods and the potassium level 1 hour after the training was found higher than males. Conclusion: It is thought that the duration of exercise does not cause a loss of liquid which may result in liquid imbalance; and the haemostatic balance which is strongly controlled by the body prevented the mineral levels from changing after the aerobic exercise. [Muhsin Hazar, Ozan Sever, Alper Cenk Gurkan, Fatma Nur Er, Mustafa Erol. Physiologic Responses of Macro Elements to Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male and Female Footballers. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):734-737] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maximal aerobic exercise had effects on... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maximal aerobic exercise had effects on total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) levels in elite football and hockey players. 12 female and 12 male footballers and 13 female and 18 male hockey players – a total of 56 athletes – voluntarily participated in the study. After measuring height and body weight of participating subjects in the study, 20 m shuttle test was performed to determine the maximal aerobic exercise protocol of the athletes. Their max/VO2 values were measured as ml/kg/dk and blood samples of the subjects were taken prior to and following 20 m shuttle run test. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were obtained regarding the data for male and female athletes. Upon assessing the normality of parametric test conditions, independent sampling t-test was utilized to determine the mean differences between periods based on gender and branch and between genders based on periods. Consequently, both BT and AT TAS and TOS mean scores were compared in both groups; male and female TAS levels in both groups indicated a statistically significant increase and TOS levels increased significantly for male and female hockey players while no statistically significant increase was observed for football players (p>0.05). When BT and AT TAS and TOS levels were compared between the genders, it was found that female BT and AT TAS and TOS levels were higher than those of males yet the increase occurred with exercise was the same between genders and was not different statistically (p>0.05). Likewise, no significant difference was observed in BT – AT TAS and TOS levels, when branches, genders and genders by branches were compared (p>0.05).
Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine lev... more Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after aerobic exercise and to compare the mineral levels detected after the exercise by taking the gender into account. Method: Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 1 hour after a 20-meter shuttle run test. Macro elements were detected by using the plasma emission spectroscopy method, and the significance level was accepted as P<0.05. Findings: A statistically significant difference was not observed in macro element levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after the training. In females, the chlorine level in all three periods and the potassium level 1 hour after the training was found higher than males. Conclusion: It is thought that the duration of exercise does not cause a loss of liquid which may result in liquid imbalance; and the haemostatic balance which is strongly controlled by the body prevented the mineral levels from changing after the aerobic exercise. [Muhsin Hazar, Ozan Sever, Alper Cenk Gurkan, Fatma Nur Er, Mustafa Erol. Physiologic Responses of Macro Elements to Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male and Female Footballers. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):734-737] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114
This study, which was applied to determine the balance and body fat percentage of elite futsal pl... more This study, which was applied to determine the balance and body fat percentage of elite futsal players and to compare them with the sedentary people, consisted of totally 49 people; 12 elite futsal players from Gazi University, 12 elite futsal players from Middle East Technical University and 13 sedentary people from Police Academy. The age, height, weight, balance and body fat percentage data of subjects were measured. The data obtained from the study were analyzed in SPSS 19 by using Kruskal Wallis and Pearson correlation tests and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. There was no significant difference between the balance values of athletes and sedentary people. The body fat percentage levels of athletes were lower than the levels of sedentary people and besides, there was a positive correlation between the weight and height values of athletes and the weight and body fat percentage of sedentary people. It was thought that, effective factor that determines the weight in sedentary group is body fat and in athlete group is height. In this study, some structural differences of athlete and sedentary groups may be the cause of indifference of balance ability between groups.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acceleration and 30 m sprin... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acceleration and 30 m sprint features of soccer players according to their positions. 50 football players mean aged 17,9 were voluntarily participated in to this study. The participants' heights and weights were 174,8 cm, 67,9 kg respectively. Two tests were applied to the subjects to investigate acceleration (10 m) and sprint (30 m) capabilities of players by using Newtes2000 Sprint Timing System.As conclusions of this study; It was found that defence and forward players have the best accelerattion scores.Forward players have also the best 30 m sprint scores.The goalkeepers were found as the slowest players in both tests. However all these differences were not statistically significant. There were no meaningfull differences between acceleration and sprint scores of players according to their positions. Based on these findings; the similarity of sprint and acceleration abilities in the players of different positions is thought to be because of the same training backgrounds.
The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between dynamic and static balance performa... more The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between dynamic and static balance performances of the female athletes who are in basketball, football, volleyball branches and female sedentary people. Totally 36 athletes from Gazi University Sport Club Volleyball and Football teams and Kastamonu Yolspor Club and also 14 sedentary students from Kastamonu Vocational School For Girls participated in the study voluntarily. Each participants was applied totally 4 balance measurements for both dominant and non dominant limbs; Flamingo Balance Test for static balance and Star Excursion Balance Test for dynamic balance. ANOVA parametric comparison was used to analyze the data of study in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. The averages of flamingo balance test of the athletes were 5,4±2,5 for football, 8,5±3 for basketball, 5,3±2,5 for volleyball and 13,5±2,1 for sedentary people besides the averages of star excursion balance test were 654,8±57,5, 851,9±66,2, 703,8±62,2, 605,3±41,8, respectively. As a conclusion; while the static balance performance of the basketball players was lower than the performance of volleyball and football players, their dynamic balance performance was higher than the performance of volleyball and football players. In addition to these, while the dynamic balance performance of sedentary people was lower than the performance of volleyball players significantly, their static balance performance was also lower than the rest of the branches significantly (p<0.05).
The study compares the effects of in-water and on-land exercises on respiratory functions. 29 mod... more The study compares the effects of in-water and on-land exercises on respiratory functions. 29 moderately active individuals (age: 20,68±1,4 height: 176,37±5,5 weight 75,15±13,7) participated in voluntarly were divided randomly into two groups as Land and Water. The participants of Water(in a pool of 90 cm deep) and Land(athletic track) groups attained in a training program of 60 minutes per day, 3 days per week along 8 week. The participants' forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1 / FVC and peak expiration flow rate (PEF) values were measured with a spirometer before and after the training program. Within group differences are not significant at all variables other than the forced vital capacity. The 5.34% increase in forced vital capacity of the Land group was statistically significant (p <0.05). The effect of training does not make a difference in respiratory functions between the groups. It may be more efficient for coaches to focus on muscles that specifically affect respiration muscles in addition to the standard exercises in training plan to increase respiratory function.
This research has been conducted for comparison of anthropometric and performance characteristics... more This research has been conducted for comparison of anthropometric and performance characteristics soccer players and basketball players who were mentioned in many sources of similarity in their use of energy systems. A total of 34 athletes aged 16 participated the study who are playing in the basketball and soccer teams of Daruşşafaka (n = 15) and Karabükspor (n = 23). Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, flexibility, agility, vertical jump, acceleration, speed, anaerobik capacity, fatigue levels and aerobic power scores compared between groups. Basketball players have statistically higher values in all anthropometric comparisons except BMI and achieved higher values in t-agility, vertical jump and anaerobic power tests while the soccer players were more successful in flexibility, sprint and all repeated anaerobic sprint test scores. Basketballers have completed the repeated sprint test in longer duration but soccer player s fatigue index is higher than basketball players. The Vo2max scores of shuttle-run test and resting heart rate were not different between the groups. The results suggest that different motoric skills are required for each sport, even if it seems as if these sports are addressing similar energy systems.
Introduction and objectives: This study was performed to investigate the acute effect of the subm... more Introduction and objectives: This study was performed to investigate the acute effect of the submaximal aerobic exercise upon epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels in chronic smokers and non-smoker. The study was carried out upon 10 regular (15> cigarettes/day) smoker untrained male along five years and 10 never smoker untrained male. Methods: Subjects performed an endurance exercise that continues 40 minutes at 70% maximal heart rate. There were 15cc venous blood samples extracted from the forearm pre-exercise (PRE), post-exercise (POST), post-exercise 2 hours (2h), post-exercise 24 hours (24h) to measure of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels. Results: The plasma level of each hormone increased after exercise and the tendency of rise was similar between groups as it seen in which 55,6% and 54,68% for epinephrine and 27,1% and 35,7% for norepinephrine. In this respect no group-time relationship has been found (p>0,05). But in between-group analyses, basal and after exercise levels were different (p<0,05). Discussion and conclusion: The study revealed the fact that, smokers have higher plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine before and after exercise. The results demonstrate that long-term smoking induces elevate baseline and post-aerobic submaximal exercise plasma epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels. The sympatho-adrenal activity appears to be disrupt with long-term smoking which effect the glycolytic and fat metabolism during exercise.
This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability te... more This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability tests and Stork balance performance in soccer players. A Static (n = 14, 18,21±1,81) and Dynamic (n = 13, 17,31±0,63) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for eight weeks meanwhile attended routine soccer training sessions with a control group (n = 11, 17,73±1,27). Effects of different core training regimes were compared after eight weeks with two-factor variance analysis (condition X time) for related measures. Two experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores, while control group did not change.
The aim of study was to investigate age-related agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed re... more The aim of study was to investigate age-related agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed relationships in soccer players. Study consisted of 125 young football players aged between 14 and 18 from Karabükspor youth and reserve team who were measured for 30m speed,10m acceleration, 20m maximum speed, and T-Agility tests. The test values of players decreased with age as expected. All performance tests correlated significantly but coefficients of determination (r 2) between agility test and all other tests were low. Acceleration and other tests except 30m speed also were low. There were no differences in age groups in terms of correlation between tests. Because of low coefficients of determination, it could be said that maximal speed, acceleration, agility were correlated by chance and were different components of physical performance so different training sessions should be planned for each physical abilities.
Özet: Çalışmada farklı rakımlarda yaşayan Biatlon sporcularının 2000m'de yapılan maksimal aerobik... more Özet: Çalışmada farklı rakımlarda yaşayan Biatlon sporcularının 2000m'de yapılan maksimal aerobik teste verdikleri akut tepki analiz edilmiştir. Biatlon milli takımlarına adaylık sürecinde testleri yapılan kız ve erkeklerden oluşan toplam 67 sporcu (Ort. yaş = 14,69 ± 1,22, ort. VKI = 19,60 ± 2,29) çalışmanın örneklemini temsil etmektedir. Sporcuların 32'si fizyolojik olarak yüksekliğin adaptasyon yarattığı kabul edilen 1500m seviyesi üzerinde, 35'i ise 1500m altında yaşamaktadır. Sporcuların aerobik güçleri shuttle-run ile tespit edilmiştir. Test esnasında kalp atım sayıları sürekli takip edilmiştir. 1500m üzerinde yaşayan sporcular, 1500m altında yaşayan sporcuları göre shuttle-run testinde daha yüksek VO2maks ve toplam lap sayısı skoru ortaya koymuşlardır. Fakat bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Yaşanılan rakım-VO2maks – toplam lap sayısı ilişkisi ise pozitif yönlü orta düzeydedir(r=0,363; r=0,355). Rakım yükseldikçe dayanıklılık skoru artmaktadır. Testin her seviyesi tek tek incelendiğinde, artan seviye ve hızda gruplar arası kalp atım sayısı ortalamalarında fark olmamasına rağmen düşük rakımda yaşayanların koşuyu daha erken bırakma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. Ortaya koyulan bulgular benzer seviyede ve antrenman düzeyindeki biatloncuların 2000m dayanıklılık koşusuna verdikleri yanıtın yaşadıkları rakımdan etkilendiği göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan biatlon sporcularında yükseklik adaptasyonunun, müsabaka ve milli takım seçmeleri gibi önemli mücadelelerde sonucu etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of hemsball training, upon reactive agility, b... more This study was designed to investigate the effects of hemsball training, upon reactive agility, balance and vertical jump tests. 80 participants, 50 of whom were the experimental group (8,82± 1,44 years) and 30 of whom (9,00 ± 1,19 years) were the control group, took part in the study. While the experimental group had 1-hour training on three days of week throughout 8 weeks, no training was done to the control group. The pre and post test results revealing both the in-group variance and differences between the groups was analyzed with the multivariate analysis of variance in repeated measurements (MANOVA) by using SPSS 19 analysis software. It was seen that the participants who played hemsball had %36,85 progress, increasing their stork balance scores from 4,45 seconds to 6,09 seconds. While this progress made a statistically significant difference (p<0.05), the same progress did not improve for the control group (p>0,05). There is not any significant in-group or intergroup difference in other tests. It was revealed that hemsball training improves balance skills in children. It is beneficial to integrate hemsball trainings into the training programs which focus on balance improvement-maintenance.
This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on soccer related sp... more This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on soccer related speed, agility. anaerobic power tests, core stability tests and body composition measurements. METHODS: A Static (n= 14) and Dynamic (n= 13) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for 8 weeks while attending scheduled soccer training sessions. RESULTS: Sprint (10–30 m), agility (505 and Arrowhead), vertical and standing long jump scores did not increase in any groups. Neither group demonstrated difference in body composition measurements for repeated test scores and between group comparisons. Experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores while Control group did not change. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that both training types improved movement related measures of core stability which did not transfer into any anaerobic skills and body composition. Thus core stability training is not generating sufficient stimulus to improve power and strength dependent performance skills such as sprint and agility and therefore may not constitute a cardinal component in soccer conditioning programs.
This study aimed to evaluate the national level wrestlers' anaerobic capacity through the prepara... more This study aimed to evaluate the national level wrestlers' anaerobic capacity through the preparation and qualification periods for Rio 2016 summer Olympic Games. For this manner, 10 national level freestyle wrestlers'(age 22,10 ± 3,21; weight 64,75 ±6,34; height 164,31 ± 4,75) anaerobic outputs measured 3 times in three month intervals with Bosco repeated jump test. Peak Jump(cm), Flight time, average power, average power/weight, first 15sec average jump height, last 15sec average jump height, fatigue index scores analyzed with repeated measures Anova. Mean power/weight output of the wrestlers increased from 20,42 W/kg to 21,28 W/kg(4,21 %) and fatigue index is decreased from 1,185 to 1,142 (3,62 %). However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0,05). In six months of qualification and preparation period wrestlers' anaerobic capacity did not changed and it is thought to have been caused by some reasons such as having already reached a certain anaerobic peak level or athletes' competition level and frequency which might made it difficult for them to have a proper periodization during the year.
Çalışma Ankara ilinde bulunan öğrencilere ait fiziksel uygunluk bileşenlerinin bazılarını, cinsiy... more Çalışma Ankara ilinde bulunan öğrencilere ait fiziksel uygunluk bileşenlerinin bazılarını, cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarına göre ortaya koymayı, becerilerin çocuklara göre nasıl özgünlük gösterdiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bunun için rastgele seçilmiş 243 öğrenciye, esneklik, denge, görsel-işitsel reaksiyon, disklere dokunma, kavrama kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, dikey sıçrama, durarak öne atlama, bara asılma, mekik, 6 dakika koş-yürü testleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçümlere ait ortalama, standart sapma ve dağılımlara ilişkin analizler yaş, cinsiyet gruplarına göre tablolaştırılmıştır. Avrupada ve ülkemizde aynı yaş grubunda yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre daha düşük performans değerleri elde edilirken, yaş ve cinsiyete göre ortaya koyulan bulgular benzer özellik göstermektedir. Denge ve bara asılma testlerinin denekler arasında diğer testlere göre yüksek beceri farklılıkları gösterdiği, diğer testlerde ortaya koyulan yaşa ve cinsiyete bağlı değişim bu iki testte belirgin şekilde ortaya çıkmadığı görülmektedir.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance and body fat values of a team playi... more Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the balance and body fat values of a team playing in the Turkish Handball Super League and to compare them with the international values and also to contribute the national norm to develop for the handball players. Methods: Male players from a team playing in the Turkish Handball Super League as experimental group (n=12) and university students as control group (n=12) participated in the study. The relationship among static balance, body fat percentage and some anthropometric parameters of subjects whose average age was = 29.3±4.1 years for experimental group and = 23.2±2.1 years for control group was investigated. The statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: The sport age, height and weight values of the handball players were significantly higher than the values of university students. The body fat percentage of handball players (13.3±3.1) was also higher than of the university students (12.2±2.1). As the balance values of handball players (8.2±3.1) were better than the values of control group (8.9±7.5) on the right foot, the values of control group (6.0±2.6) were better than of elite handball players (7.4±2.3) on the left foot. Conclusion: As a result, even if it could be found some differences between the elite handball players and the control group among the static balance values, body fat percentage and anthropometric parameters, these differences weren't statistically significant. The physical and anthropometric features of elite handball players showed similarities with the other international players.
Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine lev... more Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after aerobic exercise and to compare the mineral levels detected after the exercise by taking the gender into account. Method: Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 1 hour after a 20-meter shuttle run test. Macro elements were detected by using the plasma emission spectroscopy method, and the significance level was accepted as P<0.05. Findings: A statistically significant difference was not observed in macro element levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after the training. In females, the chlorine level in all three periods and the potassium level 1 hour after the training was found higher than males. Conclusion: It is thought that the duration of exercise does not cause a loss of liquid which may result in liquid imbalance; and the haemostatic balance which is strongly controlled by the body prevented the mineral levels from changing after the aerobic exercise. [Muhsin Hazar, Ozan Sever, Alper Cenk Gurkan, Fatma Nur Er, Mustafa Erol. Physiologic Responses of Macro Elements to Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male and Female Footballers. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):734-737] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maximal aerobic exercise had effects on... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maximal aerobic exercise had effects on total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) levels in elite football and hockey players. 12 female and 12 male footballers and 13 female and 18 male hockey players – a total of 56 athletes – voluntarily participated in the study. After measuring height and body weight of participating subjects in the study, 20 m shuttle test was performed to determine the maximal aerobic exercise protocol of the athletes. Their max/VO2 values were measured as ml/kg/dk and blood samples of the subjects were taken prior to and following 20 m shuttle run test. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were obtained regarding the data for male and female athletes. Upon assessing the normality of parametric test conditions, independent sampling t-test was utilized to determine the mean differences between periods based on gender and branch and between genders based on periods. Consequently, both BT and AT TAS and TOS mean scores were compared in both groups; male and female TAS levels in both groups indicated a statistically significant increase and TOS levels increased significantly for male and female hockey players while no statistically significant increase was observed for football players (p>0.05). When BT and AT TAS and TOS levels were compared between the genders, it was found that female BT and AT TAS and TOS levels were higher than those of males yet the increase occurred with exercise was the same between genders and was not different statistically (p>0.05). Likewise, no significant difference was observed in BT – AT TAS and TOS levels, when branches, genders and genders by branches were compared (p>0.05).
Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine lev... more Aim: This study aimed to detect changes in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and chlorine levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after aerobic exercise and to compare the mineral levels detected after the exercise by taking the gender into account. Method: Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 1 hour after a 20-meter shuttle run test. Macro elements were detected by using the plasma emission spectroscopy method, and the significance level was accepted as P<0.05. Findings: A statistically significant difference was not observed in macro element levels in male and female footballers before, immediately after and 1 hour after the training. In females, the chlorine level in all three periods and the potassium level 1 hour after the training was found higher than males. Conclusion: It is thought that the duration of exercise does not cause a loss of liquid which may result in liquid imbalance; and the haemostatic balance which is strongly controlled by the body prevented the mineral levels from changing after the aerobic exercise. [Muhsin Hazar, Ozan Sever, Alper Cenk Gurkan, Fatma Nur Er, Mustafa Erol. Physiologic Responses of Macro Elements to Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male and Female Footballers. Life Sci J 2013;10(6s):734-737] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 114
This study, which was applied to determine the balance and body fat percentage of elite futsal pl... more This study, which was applied to determine the balance and body fat percentage of elite futsal players and to compare them with the sedentary people, consisted of totally 49 people; 12 elite futsal players from Gazi University, 12 elite futsal players from Middle East Technical University and 13 sedentary people from Police Academy. The age, height, weight, balance and body fat percentage data of subjects were measured. The data obtained from the study were analyzed in SPSS 19 by using Kruskal Wallis and Pearson correlation tests and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. There was no significant difference between the balance values of athletes and sedentary people. The body fat percentage levels of athletes were lower than the levels of sedentary people and besides, there was a positive correlation between the weight and height values of athletes and the weight and body fat percentage of sedentary people. It was thought that, effective factor that determines the weight in sedentary group is body fat and in athlete group is height. In this study, some structural differences of athlete and sedentary groups may be the cause of indifference of balance ability between groups.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acceleration and 30 m sprin... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between acceleration and 30 m sprint features of soccer players according to their positions. 50 football players mean aged 17,9 were voluntarily participated in to this study. The participants' heights and weights were 174,8 cm, 67,9 kg respectively. Two tests were applied to the subjects to investigate acceleration (10 m) and sprint (30 m) capabilities of players by using Newtes2000 Sprint Timing System.As conclusions of this study; It was found that defence and forward players have the best accelerattion scores.Forward players have also the best 30 m sprint scores.The goalkeepers were found as the slowest players in both tests. However all these differences were not statistically significant. There were no meaningfull differences between acceleration and sprint scores of players according to their positions. Based on these findings; the similarity of sprint and acceleration abilities in the players of different positions is thought to be because of the same training backgrounds.
The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between dynamic and static balance performa... more The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between dynamic and static balance performances of the female athletes who are in basketball, football, volleyball branches and female sedentary people. Totally 36 athletes from Gazi University Sport Club Volleyball and Football teams and Kastamonu Yolspor Club and also 14 sedentary students from Kastamonu Vocational School For Girls participated in the study voluntarily. Each participants was applied totally 4 balance measurements for both dominant and non dominant limbs; Flamingo Balance Test for static balance and Star Excursion Balance Test for dynamic balance. ANOVA parametric comparison was used to analyze the data of study in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. The averages of flamingo balance test of the athletes were 5,4±2,5 for football, 8,5±3 for basketball, 5,3±2,5 for volleyball and 13,5±2,1 for sedentary people besides the averages of star excursion balance test were 654,8±57,5, 851,9±66,2, 703,8±62,2, 605,3±41,8, respectively. As a conclusion; while the static balance performance of the basketball players was lower than the performance of volleyball and football players, their dynamic balance performance was higher than the performance of volleyball and football players. In addition to these, while the dynamic balance performance of sedentary people was lower than the performance of volleyball players significantly, their static balance performance was also lower than the rest of the branches significantly (p<0.05).
The study compares the effects of in-water and on-land exercises on respiratory functions. 29 mod... more The study compares the effects of in-water and on-land exercises on respiratory functions. 29 moderately active individuals (age: 20,68±1,4 height: 176,37±5,5 weight 75,15±13,7) participated in voluntarly were divided randomly into two groups as Land and Water. The participants of Water(in a pool of 90 cm deep) and Land(athletic track) groups attained in a training program of 60 minutes per day, 3 days per week along 8 week. The participants' forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1 / FVC and peak expiration flow rate (PEF) values were measured with a spirometer before and after the training program. Within group differences are not significant at all variables other than the forced vital capacity. The 5.34% increase in forced vital capacity of the Land group was statistically significant (p <0.05). The effect of training does not make a difference in respiratory functions between the groups. It may be more efficient for coaches to focus on muscles that specifically affect respiration muscles in addition to the standard exercises in training plan to increase respiratory function.
This research has been conducted for comparison of anthropometric and performance characteristics... more This research has been conducted for comparison of anthropometric and performance characteristics soccer players and basketball players who were mentioned in many sources of similarity in their use of energy systems. A total of 34 athletes aged 16 participated the study who are playing in the basketball and soccer teams of Daruşşafaka (n = 15) and Karabükspor (n = 23). Height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, flexibility, agility, vertical jump, acceleration, speed, anaerobik capacity, fatigue levels and aerobic power scores compared between groups. Basketball players have statistically higher values in all anthropometric comparisons except BMI and achieved higher values in t-agility, vertical jump and anaerobic power tests while the soccer players were more successful in flexibility, sprint and all repeated anaerobic sprint test scores. Basketballers have completed the repeated sprint test in longer duration but soccer player s fatigue index is higher than basketball players. The Vo2max scores of shuttle-run test and resting heart rate were not different between the groups. The results suggest that different motoric skills are required for each sport, even if it seems as if these sports are addressing similar energy systems.
Introduction and objectives: This study was performed to investigate the acute effect of the subm... more Introduction and objectives: This study was performed to investigate the acute effect of the submaximal aerobic exercise upon epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels in chronic smokers and non-smoker. The study was carried out upon 10 regular (15> cigarettes/day) smoker untrained male along five years and 10 never smoker untrained male. Methods: Subjects performed an endurance exercise that continues 40 minutes at 70% maximal heart rate. There were 15cc venous blood samples extracted from the forearm pre-exercise (PRE), post-exercise (POST), post-exercise 2 hours (2h), post-exercise 24 hours (24h) to measure of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels. Results: The plasma level of each hormone increased after exercise and the tendency of rise was similar between groups as it seen in which 55,6% and 54,68% for epinephrine and 27,1% and 35,7% for norepinephrine. In this respect no group-time relationship has been found (p>0,05). But in between-group analyses, basal and after exercise levels were different (p<0,05). Discussion and conclusion: The study revealed the fact that, smokers have higher plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine before and after exercise. The results demonstrate that long-term smoking induces elevate baseline and post-aerobic submaximal exercise plasma epinephrine and nor-epinephrine levels. The sympatho-adrenal activity appears to be disrupt with long-term smoking which effect the glycolytic and fat metabolism during exercise.
This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability te... more This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability tests and Stork balance performance in soccer players. A Static (n = 14, 18,21±1,81) and Dynamic (n = 13, 17,31±0,63) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for eight weeks meanwhile attended routine soccer training sessions with a control group (n = 11, 17,73±1,27). Effects of different core training regimes were compared after eight weeks with two-factor variance analysis (condition X time) for related measures. Two experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores, while control group did not change.
The aim of study was to investigate age-related agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed re... more The aim of study was to investigate age-related agility, acceleration, speed and maximum speed relationships in soccer players. Study consisted of 125 young football players aged between 14 and 18 from Karabükspor youth and reserve team who were measured for 30m speed,10m acceleration, 20m maximum speed, and T-Agility tests. The test values of players decreased with age as expected. All performance tests correlated significantly but coefficients of determination (r 2) between agility test and all other tests were low. Acceleration and other tests except 30m speed also were low. There were no differences in age groups in terms of correlation between tests. Because of low coefficients of determination, it could be said that maximal speed, acceleration, agility were correlated by chance and were different components of physical performance so different training sessions should be planned for each physical abilities.
Özet: Çalışmada farklı rakımlarda yaşayan Biatlon sporcularının 2000m'de yapılan maksimal aerobik... more Özet: Çalışmada farklı rakımlarda yaşayan Biatlon sporcularının 2000m'de yapılan maksimal aerobik teste verdikleri akut tepki analiz edilmiştir. Biatlon milli takımlarına adaylık sürecinde testleri yapılan kız ve erkeklerden oluşan toplam 67 sporcu (Ort. yaş = 14,69 ± 1,22, ort. VKI = 19,60 ± 2,29) çalışmanın örneklemini temsil etmektedir. Sporcuların 32'si fizyolojik olarak yüksekliğin adaptasyon yarattığı kabul edilen 1500m seviyesi üzerinde, 35'i ise 1500m altında yaşamaktadır. Sporcuların aerobik güçleri shuttle-run ile tespit edilmiştir. Test esnasında kalp atım sayıları sürekli takip edilmiştir. 1500m üzerinde yaşayan sporcular, 1500m altında yaşayan sporcuları göre shuttle-run testinde daha yüksek VO2maks ve toplam lap sayısı skoru ortaya koymuşlardır. Fakat bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Yaşanılan rakım-VO2maks – toplam lap sayısı ilişkisi ise pozitif yönlü orta düzeydedir(r=0,363; r=0,355). Rakım yükseldikçe dayanıklılık skoru artmaktadır. Testin her seviyesi tek tek incelendiğinde, artan seviye ve hızda gruplar arası kalp atım sayısı ortalamalarında fark olmamasına rağmen düşük rakımda yaşayanların koşuyu daha erken bırakma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. Ortaya koyulan bulgular benzer seviyede ve antrenman düzeyindeki biatloncuların 2000m dayanıklılık koşusuna verdikleri yanıtın yaşadıkları rakımdan etkilendiği göstermektedir. Bu bakımdan biatlon sporcularında yükseklik adaptasyonunun, müsabaka ve milli takım seçmeleri gibi önemli mücadelelerde sonucu etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of hemsball training, upon reactive agility, b... more This study was designed to investigate the effects of hemsball training, upon reactive agility, balance and vertical jump tests. 80 participants, 50 of whom were the experimental group (8,82± 1,44 years) and 30 of whom (9,00 ± 1,19 years) were the control group, took part in the study. While the experimental group had 1-hour training on three days of week throughout 8 weeks, no training was done to the control group. The pre and post test results revealing both the in-group variance and differences between the groups was analyzed with the multivariate analysis of variance in repeated measurements (MANOVA) by using SPSS 19 analysis software. It was seen that the participants who played hemsball had %36,85 progress, increasing their stork balance scores from 4,45 seconds to 6,09 seconds. While this progress made a statistically significant difference (p<0.05), the same progress did not improve for the control group (p>0,05). There is not any significant in-group or intergroup difference in other tests. It was revealed that hemsball training improves balance skills in children. It is beneficial to integrate hemsball trainings into the training programs which focus on balance improvement-maintenance.
This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on soccer related sp... more This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on soccer related speed, agility. anaerobic power tests, core stability tests and body composition measurements. METHODS: A Static (n= 14) and Dynamic (n= 13) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for 8 weeks while attending scheduled soccer training sessions. RESULTS: Sprint (10–30 m), agility (505 and Arrowhead), vertical and standing long jump scores did not increase in any groups. Neither group demonstrated difference in body composition measurements for repeated test scores and between group comparisons. Experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores while Control group did not change. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that both training types improved movement related measures of core stability which did not transfer into any anaerobic skills and body composition. Thus core stability training is not generating sufficient stimulus to improve power and strength dependent performance skills such as sprint and agility and therefore may not constitute a cardinal component in soccer conditioning programs.
This study aimed to evaluate the national level wrestlers' anaerobic capacity through the prepara... more This study aimed to evaluate the national level wrestlers' anaerobic capacity through the preparation and qualification periods for Rio 2016 summer Olympic Games. For this manner, 10 national level freestyle wrestlers'(age 22,10 ± 3,21; weight 64,75 ±6,34; height 164,31 ± 4,75) anaerobic outputs measured 3 times in three month intervals with Bosco repeated jump test. Peak Jump(cm), Flight time, average power, average power/weight, first 15sec average jump height, last 15sec average jump height, fatigue index scores analyzed with repeated measures Anova. Mean power/weight output of the wrestlers increased from 20,42 W/kg to 21,28 W/kg(4,21 %) and fatigue index is decreased from 1,185 to 1,142 (3,62 %). However, this increase was not statistically significant (p<0,05). In six months of qualification and preparation period wrestlers' anaerobic capacity did not changed and it is thought to have been caused by some reasons such as having already reached a certain anaerobic peak level or athletes' competition level and frequency which might made it difficult for them to have a proper periodization during the year.
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