This issue of Analize-Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies set to explore the complex relations... more This issue of Analize-Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies set to explore the complex relationship between ideologies and practices in different countries in Central and Eastern Europe in communist times and in the postcommunist period, with an emphasis on gender constructs and gender roles presumed and assumed in both the public and the private spheres. Starting from already well-known publications in the field 1 , we aimed at enlarging the discussion and bringing it up-to-date, by including some young researchers next to already established ones. Clearly, the rapidly changing global social, political and ideological environment requires permanent updates, constant revisions and context-based re-evaluations. The articles accepted for publication bring diverse contributions to the large spectrum of topics proposed. The authors recreated the communist and postcommunist gendered spaces and proposed reflection subjects in a variety of directions subsumed to women's rights, equal ...
This paper examines the opportunities and the challenges of introducing computer-assisted languag... more This paper examines the opportunities and the challenges of introducing computer-assisted language learning, and more precisely Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), in foreign language education in combination with face-to-face tuition, as a more dynamic and cost-effective alternative to traditional education. As Romanian universities are facing on the one hand harsh international competition and on the other hand have to manage on a volatile and unstable domestic educational market, could MOOCs represent the solution for their repositioning on the educational market and the starting point for the redefinition of their identity? While globally MOOCs are increasingly more widely used - the world top universities, such as Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard, etc., offer such free courses for the larger public - Romanian universities are stuck in an isolationist paradigm in which lack of time and financial resources for research, and personal and institutional arrogance represent only some features of a traditional organisational culture with numerous issues of ethics and corruption. The paper reviews the European documents regarding computer-assisted education, explores some of the best practices in the field, and makes the claim that the Romanian educational market is ready for this challenge. We base this assumption on the results of a quantitative and qualitative research, presented in the paper. We conducted a small-scale survey, interviews and focus groups with students of The Bucharest University of Economic Studies in May and June 2013 with a total of 54 students of the Master's Programme International Business Communication. All Master's students show their acute interest in using computer-assisted language learning and their openness to do so in a more formal context. Our recommendations therefore are that, starting from their main stakeholders' interest, Romanian universities should definitely take MOOCs into consideration when producing their curricula and when designing specific syllabi and learning materials.
This paper seeks to present some of the effects the new media and e-tools usage have on learning ... more This paper seeks to present some of the effects the new media and e-tools usage have on learning styles in the context of foreign language education, with an emphasis on the English language, which is the most widely learned and used 'foreign language' in Europe. In connection with this, the notions of 'international English', along with 'English as a lingua franca', 'British English', 'American English' are explored to verify their functionality within the European space. The hypothesis is that the increased use on a large scale of social media (such as facebook and twitter), as well as the widely spread educational e-tools, affect the way people select and design their educational strategies in general, and in particular their English language learning strategies. In order to verify this hypothesis a small scale survey was conducted within the Bucharest University of Economic Studies among students and staff on how they use the new media and...
Roxana Marinescu. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. ... Cambridge: Cambridge University ... more Roxana Marinescu. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press & Council of Europe (www.coe.int/portfolio and www.coe.int/lang ); Diaconu, Mihai; Jinga, Ioan (coord.); Ciobanu, Olga; Pescaru, Adina; Păduraru, Monica. ...
... Because culture evolves and changes, just like human beings‖(Syal 103). ... The characters &#... more ... Because culture evolves and changes, just like human beings‖(Syal 103). ... The characters 'gendered stories follow closely the main historic thread of the novel. Among them, the story of Naseem and Doctor Aziz stands out. ...
This article presents some ideas on the future of feminism starting from the postcolonial/ postco... more This article presents some ideas on the future of feminism starting from the postcolonial/ postcommunist framework, based on similarities in the decolonisation and respectively transition periods in what regards approaches to gender and feminist practices, with a special interest in India and Romania. Some of these refer to belonging to the neoliberal paradigm and necessity to disrupt it, by strengthening the bottom-up work of the nongovernmental organisations, encouraging alternative knowledge systems and giving a voice to so-far silent members of society and non-human others, while focusing on a feminist ethic of care and using the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for change.
This article deals with aspects of surrogacy presented in the novel 'The House of Hidden Moth... more This article deals with aspects of surrogacy presented in the novel 'The House of Hidden Mothers' by Meera Syal (Doubleday, 2015). Surrogacy is explored within a postcolonial feminist framework circumscribed to the issue of power in the private and the public domains. The author asks all the relevant questions related to it, among which ownership of woman's body (as a whole and its parts), ownership of the fetus and the born child, heteronormativity and patriarchal relations as opposed to de-linking reproduction from marriage and heterosexuality by making it available (for a price) to LGBTQI individuals, possibility of abusing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in order to create 'perfect' individuals of one's choice, possible or necessary regulation, and the medicalization of women's experiences (pregnancy, abortion, miscarriage, birth, menopause). The evolution of the feminine characters revolves around their empowerment, seen as a learning process:...
This article examines various representations of gender in communist and postcommunist Romania, w... more This article examines various representations of gender in communist and postcommunist Romania, with a focus on how women and men were both led towards and sometimes forced into gender roles better suited to the state policies of the respective contexts rather than to their own interests. Over the years, the state and/or party(ies) public agenda, from women’s liberation through gender equality to equal opportunities, has met real Romanian women’s and men’s needs to different extents and with variable success.
The present-day globalized society and its extremely competitive labour market pose numerous chal... more The present-day globalized society and its extremely competitive labour market pose numerous challenges which universities should be able to anticipate, reflect on and address in a consistent and coherent manner. It becomes increasingly clear that to be successful, graduates should show flexibility, openness, autonomy, self-determination and empowerment, while constantly demonstrating they are engaged in active democratic citizenship along with being prepared for their specialized subject. This chapter explores the opportunities offered by coherently integrating these transversal skills and trans-curricular competences within language learning programmes with the aim of better preparing graduates for democratic citizenship. Also, it outlines a possible methodology: integrating education for active citizenship and plurilingual competence at university level can be done through specially dedicated subject courses of intercultural communication, gender studies or cultural studies and connecting them to language learning syllabi, as tools to develop self-reflection and autonomy-building strategies for students, in order to enable them to take over their own learning and thus better cope with the challenging labour market facing them.
EduRN: Other Social Sciences Education (Topic), 2010
Positioning of universities on the different educational markets is critical for academic surviva... more Positioning of universities on the different educational markets is critical for academic survival, role definition and status clarification on the present education markets. The latter are defined by the globalization of educational services, an increased number of players and their almost fierce competition to attract students and funding. The ever increasing competitiveness all over the world, the new missions that universities have to assume due to pressures from stakeholders, and also from global processes (among which demographics and technology are ever more uncomfortable) are important issues that call for a clear organisational communication, as well as for an effective interorganisations information exchange. The present paper explores the importance of identity building for a coherent communication process meant to ensure the adaptability of a Romanian university to the needs of both its Romanian public, and also to those of an international audience. The case study under...
This article presents some considerations on the research resulted within the project EPIR – Roma... more This article presents some considerations on the research resulted within the project EPIR – Romanian Economic Personalities and Institutions – The Romanian Added Value to European Identity, 2007-2010, whose main aim is to increase Romania’s visibility by establishing and marketing the country brand as a member state of the European Union, especially in business and the economic field. This is done by creating a coherent and accessible knowledge data base of Romanian economic institutions and personalities, researching ways of communicating it to various audiences and exploring diverse marketing techniques in order to ensure effective dissemination of project results. The present article focuses on the research on the most effective ways of linguistic translation as a means of reaching an international audience through both the hard-copy and the virtual publication of the data base. Translation is not only a simple transfer of terms from one language into another, it needs to take i...
Since its beginnings in the 1970’s to the proclamation of its death in 2010-2011 by the most impo... more Since its beginnings in the 1970’s to the proclamation of its death in 2010-2011 by the most important European leaders of the time (Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron) to its present day reinterpretation due to increasing migration and globalization, multiculturalism has been on the agenda of policy makers worldwide. And rightly so, as a liberal multicultural society, at least in theory, “cherishes the diversity of and encourages a creative dialogue between its different cultures and their moral visions.“ (Lord Bhikhu Parekh, What is Multiculturalism?). This is indeed the desired (some would say utopian) perspective, but how successfully has it been implemented? As far back as 2007 Will Kymlicka was challenging his readers with two possible options: either to abandon the project of internationalizing multiculturalism (highly undesirable, in his opinion) or to rethink it and put it on a more coherent footing of liberal multiculturalism (Multicultural Odysseys). In this...
This paper focuses on the gendered identities resulting from some English-language novels by wome... more This paper focuses on the gendered identities resulting from some English-language novels by women writers of South-Asian origin, namely Brick Lane by Monica Ali, Life Isn’t All Haa Haa Hee Hee by Meera Syal and Looking for Maya and Transmission by Atima Srivastava. The discussion takes place in the postcolonial and postmodern contexts and addresses this topic in connection to other markers of identity: class, ‘race’, socioeconomic group, caste, sexual orientation, generation. Gender is regarded as a process, in movement and development, from a balanced perspective, by equally taking into consideration feminist and masculinity theories. The question of culture today must be raised in the realm of the ‘beyond’, which expresses a transit period and is defined by a sense of disorientation, a disturbance of direction (according to Homi Bhabbha in Introduction to The Location of Culture). Thus, gender identity is explored in the above mentioned novels as a cultural construct and on the m...
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of th... more Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspective on the perception and reception of women across time and space. It tackles various perspectives: gender studies, linguistic studies, literature and cultural studies, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, etc. Its main objective is to present new approaches and propose new answers to old questions related to gender inequalities, stereotypes, and prejudices about women and their place in the world. Covering significant themes that include the ethics of embodiment, myth of motherhood at the crossroad of ideologies, translation of women’s experiences and ideas across cultures, and discourses on women’s rehabilitation and dignification across centuries, this book is critical for linguists, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working in the fields of women’s studies, gender studies, cultural studies, and literature, as well as other related categories such as political studies, education studies, philosophy, and the social sciences.
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of th... more Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is...
This issue of Analize-Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies set to explore the complex relations... more This issue of Analize-Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies set to explore the complex relationship between ideologies and practices in different countries in Central and Eastern Europe in communist times and in the postcommunist period, with an emphasis on gender constructs and gender roles presumed and assumed in both the public and the private spheres. Starting from already well-known publications in the field 1 , we aimed at enlarging the discussion and bringing it up-to-date, by including some young researchers next to already established ones. Clearly, the rapidly changing global social, political and ideological environment requires permanent updates, constant revisions and context-based re-evaluations. The articles accepted for publication bring diverse contributions to the large spectrum of topics proposed. The authors recreated the communist and postcommunist gendered spaces and proposed reflection subjects in a variety of directions subsumed to women's rights, equal ...
This paper examines the opportunities and the challenges of introducing computer-assisted languag... more This paper examines the opportunities and the challenges of introducing computer-assisted language learning, and more precisely Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), in foreign language education in combination with face-to-face tuition, as a more dynamic and cost-effective alternative to traditional education. As Romanian universities are facing on the one hand harsh international competition and on the other hand have to manage on a volatile and unstable domestic educational market, could MOOCs represent the solution for their repositioning on the educational market and the starting point for the redefinition of their identity? While globally MOOCs are increasingly more widely used - the world top universities, such as Stanford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard, etc., offer such free courses for the larger public - Romanian universities are stuck in an isolationist paradigm in which lack of time and financial resources for research, and personal and institutional arrogance represent only some features of a traditional organisational culture with numerous issues of ethics and corruption. The paper reviews the European documents regarding computer-assisted education, explores some of the best practices in the field, and makes the claim that the Romanian educational market is ready for this challenge. We base this assumption on the results of a quantitative and qualitative research, presented in the paper. We conducted a small-scale survey, interviews and focus groups with students of The Bucharest University of Economic Studies in May and June 2013 with a total of 54 students of the Master's Programme International Business Communication. All Master's students show their acute interest in using computer-assisted language learning and their openness to do so in a more formal context. Our recommendations therefore are that, starting from their main stakeholders' interest, Romanian universities should definitely take MOOCs into consideration when producing their curricula and when designing specific syllabi and learning materials.
This paper seeks to present some of the effects the new media and e-tools usage have on learning ... more This paper seeks to present some of the effects the new media and e-tools usage have on learning styles in the context of foreign language education, with an emphasis on the English language, which is the most widely learned and used 'foreign language' in Europe. In connection with this, the notions of 'international English', along with 'English as a lingua franca', 'British English', 'American English' are explored to verify their functionality within the European space. The hypothesis is that the increased use on a large scale of social media (such as facebook and twitter), as well as the widely spread educational e-tools, affect the way people select and design their educational strategies in general, and in particular their English language learning strategies. In order to verify this hypothesis a small scale survey was conducted within the Bucharest University of Economic Studies among students and staff on how they use the new media and...
Roxana Marinescu. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. ... Cambridge: Cambridge University ... more Roxana Marinescu. The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. ... Cambridge: Cambridge University Press & Council of Europe (www.coe.int/portfolio and www.coe.int/lang ); Diaconu, Mihai; Jinga, Ioan (coord.); Ciobanu, Olga; Pescaru, Adina; Păduraru, Monica. ...
... Because culture evolves and changes, just like human beings‖(Syal 103). ... The characters &#... more ... Because culture evolves and changes, just like human beings‖(Syal 103). ... The characters 'gendered stories follow closely the main historic thread of the novel. Among them, the story of Naseem and Doctor Aziz stands out. ...
This article presents some ideas on the future of feminism starting from the postcolonial/ postco... more This article presents some ideas on the future of feminism starting from the postcolonial/ postcommunist framework, based on similarities in the decolonisation and respectively transition periods in what regards approaches to gender and feminist practices, with a special interest in India and Romania. Some of these refer to belonging to the neoliberal paradigm and necessity to disrupt it, by strengthening the bottom-up work of the nongovernmental organisations, encouraging alternative knowledge systems and giving a voice to so-far silent members of society and non-human others, while focusing on a feminist ethic of care and using the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for change.
This article deals with aspects of surrogacy presented in the novel 'The House of Hidden Moth... more This article deals with aspects of surrogacy presented in the novel 'The House of Hidden Mothers' by Meera Syal (Doubleday, 2015). Surrogacy is explored within a postcolonial feminist framework circumscribed to the issue of power in the private and the public domains. The author asks all the relevant questions related to it, among which ownership of woman's body (as a whole and its parts), ownership of the fetus and the born child, heteronormativity and patriarchal relations as opposed to de-linking reproduction from marriage and heterosexuality by making it available (for a price) to LGBTQI individuals, possibility of abusing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in order to create 'perfect' individuals of one's choice, possible or necessary regulation, and the medicalization of women's experiences (pregnancy, abortion, miscarriage, birth, menopause). The evolution of the feminine characters revolves around their empowerment, seen as a learning process:...
This article examines various representations of gender in communist and postcommunist Romania, w... more This article examines various representations of gender in communist and postcommunist Romania, with a focus on how women and men were both led towards and sometimes forced into gender roles better suited to the state policies of the respective contexts rather than to their own interests. Over the years, the state and/or party(ies) public agenda, from women’s liberation through gender equality to equal opportunities, has met real Romanian women’s and men’s needs to different extents and with variable success.
The present-day globalized society and its extremely competitive labour market pose numerous chal... more The present-day globalized society and its extremely competitive labour market pose numerous challenges which universities should be able to anticipate, reflect on and address in a consistent and coherent manner. It becomes increasingly clear that to be successful, graduates should show flexibility, openness, autonomy, self-determination and empowerment, while constantly demonstrating they are engaged in active democratic citizenship along with being prepared for their specialized subject. This chapter explores the opportunities offered by coherently integrating these transversal skills and trans-curricular competences within language learning programmes with the aim of better preparing graduates for democratic citizenship. Also, it outlines a possible methodology: integrating education for active citizenship and plurilingual competence at university level can be done through specially dedicated subject courses of intercultural communication, gender studies or cultural studies and connecting them to language learning syllabi, as tools to develop self-reflection and autonomy-building strategies for students, in order to enable them to take over their own learning and thus better cope with the challenging labour market facing them.
EduRN: Other Social Sciences Education (Topic), 2010
Positioning of universities on the different educational markets is critical for academic surviva... more Positioning of universities on the different educational markets is critical for academic survival, role definition and status clarification on the present education markets. The latter are defined by the globalization of educational services, an increased number of players and their almost fierce competition to attract students and funding. The ever increasing competitiveness all over the world, the new missions that universities have to assume due to pressures from stakeholders, and also from global processes (among which demographics and technology are ever more uncomfortable) are important issues that call for a clear organisational communication, as well as for an effective interorganisations information exchange. The present paper explores the importance of identity building for a coherent communication process meant to ensure the adaptability of a Romanian university to the needs of both its Romanian public, and also to those of an international audience. The case study under...
This article presents some considerations on the research resulted within the project EPIR – Roma... more This article presents some considerations on the research resulted within the project EPIR – Romanian Economic Personalities and Institutions – The Romanian Added Value to European Identity, 2007-2010, whose main aim is to increase Romania’s visibility by establishing and marketing the country brand as a member state of the European Union, especially in business and the economic field. This is done by creating a coherent and accessible knowledge data base of Romanian economic institutions and personalities, researching ways of communicating it to various audiences and exploring diverse marketing techniques in order to ensure effective dissemination of project results. The present article focuses on the research on the most effective ways of linguistic translation as a means of reaching an international audience through both the hard-copy and the virtual publication of the data base. Translation is not only a simple transfer of terms from one language into another, it needs to take i...
Since its beginnings in the 1970’s to the proclamation of its death in 2010-2011 by the most impo... more Since its beginnings in the 1970’s to the proclamation of its death in 2010-2011 by the most important European leaders of the time (Angela Merkel, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron) to its present day reinterpretation due to increasing migration and globalization, multiculturalism has been on the agenda of policy makers worldwide. And rightly so, as a liberal multicultural society, at least in theory, “cherishes the diversity of and encourages a creative dialogue between its different cultures and their moral visions.“ (Lord Bhikhu Parekh, What is Multiculturalism?). This is indeed the desired (some would say utopian) perspective, but how successfully has it been implemented? As far back as 2007 Will Kymlicka was challenging his readers with two possible options: either to abandon the project of internationalizing multiculturalism (highly undesirable, in his opinion) or to rethink it and put it on a more coherent footing of liberal multiculturalism (Multicultural Odysseys). In this...
This paper focuses on the gendered identities resulting from some English-language novels by wome... more This paper focuses on the gendered identities resulting from some English-language novels by women writers of South-Asian origin, namely Brick Lane by Monica Ali, Life Isn’t All Haa Haa Hee Hee by Meera Syal and Looking for Maya and Transmission by Atima Srivastava. The discussion takes place in the postcolonial and postmodern contexts and addresses this topic in connection to other markers of identity: class, ‘race’, socioeconomic group, caste, sexual orientation, generation. Gender is regarded as a process, in movement and development, from a balanced perspective, by equally taking into consideration feminist and masculinity theories. The question of culture today must be raised in the realm of the ‘beyond’, which expresses a transit period and is defined by a sense of disorientation, a disturbance of direction (according to Homi Bhabbha in Introduction to The Location of Culture). Thus, gender identity is explored in the above mentioned novels as a cultural construct and on the m...
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of th... more Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspective on the perception and reception of women across time and space. It tackles various perspectives: gender studies, linguistic studies, literature and cultural studies, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, etc. Its main objective is to present new approaches and propose new answers to old questions related to gender inequalities, stereotypes, and prejudices about women and their place in the world. Covering significant themes that include the ethics of embodiment, myth of motherhood at the crossroad of ideologies, translation of women’s experiences and ideas across cultures, and discourses on women’s rehabilitation and dignification across centuries, this book is critical for linguists, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working in the fields of women’s studies, gender studies, cultural studies, and literature, as well as other related categories such as political studies, education studies, philosophy, and the social sciences.
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of th... more Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is...
This presentation focuses on various ways in which gender has been represented in communist and p... more This presentation focuses on various ways in which gender has been represented in communist and postcommunist Romania, with a focus on how women and men were moulded into gender roles suited to the state policies of the respective contexts. We will be looking at the extent to which public agenda has met real women's and men's needs crossing various stages, from women's lib through gender equality to equal opportunities. If in communism the Marxist interpretation of women's emancipation (i.e. a forced liberation from patriarchal and capitalist exploitation in the home and simultaneous forced engagement on the labour market) did not assume a reversed " emancipation " of men in the private sphere, the same situation can be encountered in postcommunism, when liberal interpretations of gender representation prevail. According to these liberal theories, emancipation of women in the public sphere and better representation is supposed to happen on its own, as legislation that guarantees equality is in place. However, such theories fail to consider equal opportunities, as women continue to feel the social pressure to fulfill both productive and reproductive roles, while men are still very little involved in equal partnerships in private life. We can thus notice a change of the power discourse related to women during communism, from that of emancipation and equality to one of state control over private aspects of their lives: " Talking about the excessive regulation of women's condition and gender roles in public and private spheres, Romanian communism starts with an ideology of emancipation, equality and feminine activism and ends with a maternalistic-conservative ideology, encouraged by nationalistic communism " (Miroiu 2004, my translation). Moreover, the power discourse regarding gender in postcommunist Romania follows somewhat naturally the communist one: if women were represented in both their productive and reproductive roles (as labourer and mother of the nation) in communism, the same representations seem to prevail in postcommunism, although the images now include a more sexualized role. This is clear from looking at media representations – as a case study we will be discussing covers of weekly Femeia along the years, with its contemporary clones Femeia and Femeia de azi. We should take into consideration aspects of political representation: women's vote was included in the Constitution in 1938, but this was made irrelevant by the two dictatorial regimes that followed (Charles II and the subsequent communist regime). In what concerns numerical representation of women in Parliament, for instance (and we could argue that it is not fully relevant), we need to discuss some of the possible causes leading to its steep decrease: from 34% women in Marea Adunare Națională, to just 4% in the Romanian Parliament immediately after the Revolution and to 19% in the current Parliament.
Structură:
Comunicarea interculturală
şi competenţa plurilingvă
Comunicarea interpersonală
... more Structură: Comunicarea interculturală şi competenţa plurilingvă Comunicarea interpersonală Specificul comunicării scrise în afaceri– o foarte scurtă abordare interculturală
This chapter deals with work-life balance, as a relatively new concept, imposed by new work reali... more This chapter deals with work-life balance, as a relatively new concept, imposed by new work realities in the Western post-industrial world and relevant especially (although not exclusively) to it. It has become important thanks to new angles shed on the labour market by a globalized and technologized society, with an increasing number of women joining the workforce and accessing higher levels of management, and thus modifying the established work relationships. Moreover, the world of work has become more unified towards a Western style organizational culture, with a stringent need to prove allegiance to the company by long and irregular work hours and by a relentless commitment to job-related duties. Out-of-work time for both genders has become more-work-time, as round the clock alertness for job-oriented tasks has become the norm nowadays.
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Comunicarea interculturală
şi competenţa plurilingvă
Comunicarea interpersonală
Specificul comunicării scrise
în afaceri– o foarte scurtă abordare interculturală
Moreover, the world of work has become more unified towards a Western style organizational culture, with a stringent need to prove allegiance to the company by long and irregular work hours and by a relentless commitment to job-related duties. Out-of-work time for both genders has become more-work-time, as round the clock alertness for job-oriented tasks has become the norm nowadays.