The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardio... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, independently of cholesterol-lowering effect. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice..
Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of c... more Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Long term statin therapy can cause a modest increase in new-onset diabetes risk, and there is great interest in the mechanisms for this adverse effect. Main proposed mechanisms are increased insulin resistance and some defects in insulin secretion. Many factors can affect the risk including pre-existing diabetic risk, older age and potency of statin. But clearly, the benefits of these drugs in preventing cardiovascular disease outweigh the potential risk of diabetes.The aim of this review is to give underlying pathomechanisms and clinical relevance of diabetogenic effect of statins. Peer Review History: Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 24 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahaw...
Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative s... more Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative stress have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders observed in diabetes mellitus. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd, Iceland), which comprises mainly an antioxidant vitamin A, n:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n:3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cardiovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Two days after single STZ (55 mg kg−1, i.p.) or vehicle injection, diabetes was verified by increased blood glucose, and non-diabetic and diabetic rats were left untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 mL kg−1 daily, by intragastric probing) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12-week untreated-diabetic rats; CLO provided better weight gain, entirely prevented the plasma lipid abnormalities, but partially controlled the...
In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in si... more In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in situ forming implants were investigated also by means of gamma irradiation sterilization. Implant formulations contain 56% solvent, 38% polymer and 6% drug. For the preparation of the formulations, hydrophobic benzyl benzoate and moderately hydrophobic prophylene carbonate were used as solvents while medium molecular weight poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer RG 503H) was used as polymer and the formulation containing the solvents in 1:1 combination showed low initial burst and acceptable regular release of drug for 21 days. It was determined that drug release from this formulation was increased by application of gamma irradiation and the sterilization effect were investigated on solidified implant system by the morphological analysis, which used as descriptive for in vitro release behavior of drug. In vivo performance of the mentioned sterile formulation was investigated on rabbits and...
The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cell... more The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cellular defense systems. This study investigated the effects of the powerful antioxidant SMe1EC2 (2-ethoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b] indolinium dichloride) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in aged diabetic and aged matched control rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in rats aged 13-15 months. Diabetic and control rats were divided into two subgroups, one untreated and one treated with SMe1EC2 (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 months. SMe1EC2 ameliorated body weight loss, but not hyperglycemia of aged diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), yet in unchanged glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the liver of the aged control rats, SMe1EC2 did not affe...
Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) an... more Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesized in plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributed to their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels; biochemical parameters including insulin, total bilirubin, and BCA protein levels; hepatic enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase; and lipi...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardio... more The aim of this study was to investigate whether atorvastatin ameliorates diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, independently of cholesterol-lowering effect. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice..
Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of c... more Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Long term statin therapy can cause a modest increase in new-onset diabetes risk, and there is great interest in the mechanisms for this adverse effect. Main proposed mechanisms are increased insulin resistance and some defects in insulin secretion. Many factors can affect the risk including pre-existing diabetic risk, older age and potency of statin. But clearly, the benefits of these drugs in preventing cardiovascular disease outweigh the potential risk of diabetes.The aim of this review is to give underlying pathomechanisms and clinical relevance of diabetogenic effect of statins. Peer Review History: Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 24 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahaw...
Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative s... more Abnormalities in the metabolism of essential fatty acids and the results of increased oxidative stress have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders observed in diabetes mellitus. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd, Iceland), which comprises mainly an antioxidant vitamin A, n:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n:3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cardiovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Two days after single STZ (55 mg kg−1, i.p.) or vehicle injection, diabetes was verified by increased blood glucose, and non-diabetic and diabetic rats were left untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 mL kg−1 daily, by intragastric probing) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12-week untreated-diabetic rats; CLO provided better weight gain, entirely prevented the plasma lipid abnormalities, but partially controlled the...
In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in si... more In this study, effect of solvent system on in vitro granisetron HCl release from injectable in situ forming implants were investigated also by means of gamma irradiation sterilization. Implant formulations contain 56% solvent, 38% polymer and 6% drug. For the preparation of the formulations, hydrophobic benzyl benzoate and moderately hydrophobic prophylene carbonate were used as solvents while medium molecular weight poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Resomer RG 503H) was used as polymer and the formulation containing the solvents in 1:1 combination showed low initial burst and acceptable regular release of drug for 21 days. It was determined that drug release from this formulation was increased by application of gamma irradiation and the sterilization effect were investigated on solidified implant system by the morphological analysis, which used as descriptive for in vitro release behavior of drug. In vivo performance of the mentioned sterile formulation was investigated on rabbits and...
The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cell... more The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cellular defense systems. This study investigated the effects of the powerful antioxidant SMe1EC2 (2-ethoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b] indolinium dichloride) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in aged diabetic and aged matched control rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in rats aged 13-15 months. Diabetic and control rats were divided into two subgroups, one untreated and one treated with SMe1EC2 (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 months. SMe1EC2 ameliorated body weight loss, but not hyperglycemia of aged diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), yet in unchanged glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the liver of the aged control rats, SMe1EC2 did not affe...
Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) an... more Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide. Cinnamic acid (CA) and its derivatives are synthesized in plants and increasing attention has been given to them in recent years due to the high number of beneficial health properties attributed to their consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood, liver, and kidney cells of rats by the alkaline comet assay. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels; biochemical parameters including insulin, total bilirubin, and BCA protein levels; hepatic enzyme levels such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase; and lipi...
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