Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and its potential as food b... more Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and its potential as food bio-preservative Abstract Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is used in Indian spices as a souring agent to provide the desired acidity in the various food recipes. In this era of increased concern on safety of chemical food additives, natural methods of preservation and natural preservatives are receiving increased attention. The antimicrobial activity of tamarind extract (50% ethanol) was tested against ten bacterial strains (7 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative) and seven fungi known to cause food spoilage by agar well diffusion assays. The aqueous-ethanolic extract exhibited a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity inhibiting both the groups of bacteria. Tamarind extract was active against all the test Gram-positive bacteria isolates but was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 1...
... 510 ROLE OF PHYTOESTROGE S AS UTRACEUTICALS I HUMA HEALTH Dhan Prakash * , Charu Gupta Amity ... more ... 510 ROLE OF PHYTOESTROGE S AS UTRACEUTICALS I HUMA HEALTH Dhan Prakash * , Charu Gupta Amity Institute of Herbal Research & Studies, E-3 Block, 4 ... The main dietary source of phytoestrogenic stilbenes is trans-resveratrol from red wine and peanuts. ...
Advances in Food Technology and Nutrition Sciences – Open Journal
Aim Extraction, chemical determination and comparison of essential oil (EO) composition from the ... more Aim Extraction, chemical determination and comparison of essential oil (EO) composition from the peel oil of three varieties of citrus, sweet lime (Citrus limetta, Meetha Nimbu), lemon (C. limon) and acid lime (C. aurantifolia, Kagzi Nimbu) and their antimicrobial efficacy as preservative in food spoilage was studied. Material and Methods The extraction from all the three types lemon peel oil was done using clevenger apparatus and the chemical constituents of lemon peel EO analyzed by GC-MS. The antagonistic activity of lemon peel EO and 50% methanolic extract from peel residue left after EO extraction was studied against common food borne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Bacillus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion assay. The test fungal species were Rhizopus sp., Rhizomucor sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Aspergill...
Chronic inflammation is caused by an over-expression or lack of control of the normal protective ... more Chronic inflammation is caused by an over-expression or lack of control of the normal protective mechanisms and has been linked to heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, type-2 diabetes and arthritis. Current medications include treatment with steroids that reduce inflammation or swelling. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause several side effects and in extreme cases can cause severe haemorrhage and renal effects. There are other various anti-inflammatory nutrients which reduce the level of these biomarkers. The polyphenols show significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-DNA damaging effects. Anti-inflammatory foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, which provide valuable antioxidant polyphenols, resveratrol, lycopene, phytosterols, curcuminoids, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, phenolic acids, alleviates inflammation, as well as strengthening the immune system. The present chapter would thus focus on ...
Overview Eating aboard a spacecraft is more than just grabbing some fast-food. Biological, operat... more Overview Eating aboard a spacecraft is more than just grabbing some fast-food. Biological, operational, and engineering factors play a part in the types of food that are available in a spacecraft. These factors involve the effect of the food on the astronaut, the structure of the food's container, and how manageable the food and container is, respectively. The following lists factors that determine good space food.
F ood plays a vital role in maintaining normal function of the human body. With recent advances i... more F ood plays a vital role in maintaining normal function of the human body. With recent advances in medical and nutrition sciences, natural products and health-promoting foods have received extensive attention from both health professionals and the common population. It is normally assumed that keeping proper nutrient balance is necessary to maintain good health, and that excess intake of any nutrient may not benefit or even can be harmful to health. Phytonutrients or phytopharmaceuti-cals are more recent terms that refer to a group of natural substances that include certain herbs and such products of plant origin that are used as dietary supplements. Some of the important phytopharmaceuticals are anthocyanidins, carotenoids, lycopenes, flavonoids, glucosinolates, isoflavonoids, limonoids, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, phytoestrogens, resveratrol, phytosterols, probiotics and terpenoids. They have specific pharmacological effects in human health. Many of these substances have ant...
Natural antimicrobial clothing or functional clothing is a unique and novel concept that is curre... more Natural antimicrobial clothing or functional clothing is a unique and novel concept that is currently emerging for the treatment and prevention of various diseases like diabetes, hypertension, skin infections, high blood pressure, psoriasis, eczema, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, cardiac problems and many others. Recent studies have shown that the fabric treated with the herbal extracts and essential oils develop the ability to inhibit the wide range of microorganisms. The herbal extracts are applied directly on to the fabric by methods like pad-dry-cure, micro-encapsulation or resin treatment, the fabric impart a bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal finish in textile. Since the raw material is obtained from natural resources, it is eco-friendly having economic, social and environmental benefits.
A comparative study was carried out between cinnamon oil and clove oil on the oral micro-biota ca... more A comparative study was carried out between cinnamon oil and clove oil on the oral micro-biota causing dental caries. Cinnamon oil was found to be more effective than clove oil exhibiting broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species involved in dental caries. Cinnamon oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) of 24.0 mm against Streptococcus mutans (major causative bacteria of dental plaque) as compared to clove oil (IZD = 13.0mm). This is contrary to the popular belief that clove oil is effective in tooth decay and dental plaque. This study shows the potential of cinnamon oil over clove oil in the treatment of dental caries. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2014
Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of... more Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The major nutrients present in foods include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Besides these, there are some bioactive food components known as "phytonutrients" that play an important role in human health. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of disease and various physiological disorders. Phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy as they possess no side effects that are usually associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. They are also comparatively cheap and thus significantly reduce health care cost. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols, terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, anthocyanins, ω-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, diabetes, osteoporosis, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protection from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator, and carminative. This mini-review attempts to summarize the major important types of phytonutrients and their role in promoting human health and as therapeutic agents along with the current market trend and commercialization.
ABSTRACT Effective waste-water treatment through conventional methods that rely on heavy aeration... more ABSTRACT Effective waste-water treatment through conventional methods that rely on heavy aeration are expensive to install and operate. Duckweed is capable of recovering or extracting nutrients or pollutants and is an excellent candidate for bio-remediation of waste-waters. Such plants grow very fast, utilizing waste-water nutrients and also yield cost effective protein-rich biomass as a by-product. Duckweeds being tiny surface floating plants are easy to harvest and have an appreciable amount of protein (15%–45% dry mass basis) and a lower fiber (7%–14% dry mass basis) content. Besides nutrient extraction, duckweeds has been found to reduce total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand in waste-water significantly. Depending on the initial concentrations of nutrients, duckweed-covered systems can remove nitrate (NO3�) at daily rates of 120–590 mg NO3�m�2 (73%–97% of initial concentration) and phosphate (PO4�) at 14–74 mg PO4�m�2 (63%–99% of initial concentration). Removal efficiencies within 3 days of 96% and 99% have been reported for BOD and ammonia (NH3). Besides several genera of duckweeds (Spirodela, Lemna, Wolffia), other surface-floating aquatic plants like water hyacinth (Eichhornia) are well known for their phyto-remediation qualities.
Intestinal microbiota is a key component of both the metabolism and immunity. These can be helpfu... more Intestinal microbiota is a key component of both the metabolism and immunity. These can be helpful in healthcare, especially for the management of digestive diseases and food-borne illnesses. Through genetic engineering it is possible to fully express biologically active copies of such powerful molecules from food and commensal bacteria. Genetically engineered probiotics can be used to treat inflammatory bowel disorders such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, as well as other disorders that result from an overactive immune system. Genetically modified (GM) probiotics are also used as food additives to control the release of human growth factors by the modified bacteria to fight against injury and inflammation in the gut. For example the use of a plant sugar called xylan to stimulate the genetically modified human gut probiotic bacterium Bacteroides ovatus to produce specific proteins that can repair damaged cells and dampen down the immune system in the intestine that cause...
Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and its potential as food b... more Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and its potential as food bio-preservative Abstract Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is used in Indian spices as a souring agent to provide the desired acidity in the various food recipes. In this era of increased concern on safety of chemical food additives, natural methods of preservation and natural preservatives are receiving increased attention. The antimicrobial activity of tamarind extract (50% ethanol) was tested against ten bacterial strains (7 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative) and seven fungi known to cause food spoilage by agar well diffusion assays. The aqueous-ethanolic extract exhibited a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity inhibiting both the groups of bacteria. Tamarind extract was active against all the test Gram-positive bacteria isolates but was highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 1...
... 510 ROLE OF PHYTOESTROGE S AS UTRACEUTICALS I HUMA HEALTH Dhan Prakash * , Charu Gupta Amity ... more ... 510 ROLE OF PHYTOESTROGE S AS UTRACEUTICALS I HUMA HEALTH Dhan Prakash * , Charu Gupta Amity Institute of Herbal Research & Studies, E-3 Block, 4 ... The main dietary source of phytoestrogenic stilbenes is trans-resveratrol from red wine and peanuts. ...
Advances in Food Technology and Nutrition Sciences – Open Journal
Aim Extraction, chemical determination and comparison of essential oil (EO) composition from the ... more Aim Extraction, chemical determination and comparison of essential oil (EO) composition from the peel oil of three varieties of citrus, sweet lime (Citrus limetta, Meetha Nimbu), lemon (C. limon) and acid lime (C. aurantifolia, Kagzi Nimbu) and their antimicrobial efficacy as preservative in food spoilage was studied. Material and Methods The extraction from all the three types lemon peel oil was done using clevenger apparatus and the chemical constituents of lemon peel EO analyzed by GC-MS. The antagonistic activity of lemon peel EO and 50% methanolic extract from peel residue left after EO extraction was studied against common food borne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Bacillus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion assay. The test fungal species were Rhizopus sp., Rhizomucor sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Aspergill...
Chronic inflammation is caused by an over-expression or lack of control of the normal protective ... more Chronic inflammation is caused by an over-expression or lack of control of the normal protective mechanisms and has been linked to heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, type-2 diabetes and arthritis. Current medications include treatment with steroids that reduce inflammation or swelling. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause several side effects and in extreme cases can cause severe haemorrhage and renal effects. There are other various anti-inflammatory nutrients which reduce the level of these biomarkers. The polyphenols show significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-DNA damaging effects. Anti-inflammatory foods such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, which provide valuable antioxidant polyphenols, resveratrol, lycopene, phytosterols, curcuminoids, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, phenolic acids, alleviates inflammation, as well as strengthening the immune system. The present chapter would thus focus on ...
Overview Eating aboard a spacecraft is more than just grabbing some fast-food. Biological, operat... more Overview Eating aboard a spacecraft is more than just grabbing some fast-food. Biological, operational, and engineering factors play a part in the types of food that are available in a spacecraft. These factors involve the effect of the food on the astronaut, the structure of the food's container, and how manageable the food and container is, respectively. The following lists factors that determine good space food.
F ood plays a vital role in maintaining normal function of the human body. With recent advances i... more F ood plays a vital role in maintaining normal function of the human body. With recent advances in medical and nutrition sciences, natural products and health-promoting foods have received extensive attention from both health professionals and the common population. It is normally assumed that keeping proper nutrient balance is necessary to maintain good health, and that excess intake of any nutrient may not benefit or even can be harmful to health. Phytonutrients or phytopharmaceuti-cals are more recent terms that refer to a group of natural substances that include certain herbs and such products of plant origin that are used as dietary supplements. Some of the important phytopharmaceuticals are anthocyanidins, carotenoids, lycopenes, flavonoids, glucosinolates, isoflavonoids, limonoids, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, phytoestrogens, resveratrol, phytosterols, probiotics and terpenoids. They have specific pharmacological effects in human health. Many of these substances have ant...
Natural antimicrobial clothing or functional clothing is a unique and novel concept that is curre... more Natural antimicrobial clothing or functional clothing is a unique and novel concept that is currently emerging for the treatment and prevention of various diseases like diabetes, hypertension, skin infections, high blood pressure, psoriasis, eczema, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, cardiac problems and many others. Recent studies have shown that the fabric treated with the herbal extracts and essential oils develop the ability to inhibit the wide range of microorganisms. The herbal extracts are applied directly on to the fabric by methods like pad-dry-cure, micro-encapsulation or resin treatment, the fabric impart a bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal finish in textile. Since the raw material is obtained from natural resources, it is eco-friendly having economic, social and environmental benefits.
A comparative study was carried out between cinnamon oil and clove oil on the oral micro-biota ca... more A comparative study was carried out between cinnamon oil and clove oil on the oral micro-biota causing dental caries. Cinnamon oil was found to be more effective than clove oil exhibiting broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting all the ten test bacterial species involved in dental caries. Cinnamon oil produced maximum inhibition zone of diameter (IZD) of 24.0 mm against Streptococcus mutans (major causative bacteria of dental plaque) as compared to clove oil (IZD = 13.0mm). This is contrary to the popular belief that clove oil is effective in tooth decay and dental plaque. This study shows the potential of cinnamon oil over clove oil in the treatment of dental caries. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2014
Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of... more Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The major nutrients present in foods include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Besides these, there are some bioactive food components known as "phytonutrients" that play an important role in human health. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of disease and various physiological disorders. Phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy as they possess no side effects that are usually associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. They are also comparatively cheap and thus significantly reduce health care cost. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols, terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, anthocyanins, ω-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, diabetes, osteoporosis, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protection from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator, and carminative. This mini-review attempts to summarize the major important types of phytonutrients and their role in promoting human health and as therapeutic agents along with the current market trend and commercialization.
ABSTRACT Effective waste-water treatment through conventional methods that rely on heavy aeration... more ABSTRACT Effective waste-water treatment through conventional methods that rely on heavy aeration are expensive to install and operate. Duckweed is capable of recovering or extracting nutrients or pollutants and is an excellent candidate for bio-remediation of waste-waters. Such plants grow very fast, utilizing waste-water nutrients and also yield cost effective protein-rich biomass as a by-product. Duckweeds being tiny surface floating plants are easy to harvest and have an appreciable amount of protein (15%–45% dry mass basis) and a lower fiber (7%–14% dry mass basis) content. Besides nutrient extraction, duckweeds has been found to reduce total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand in waste-water significantly. Depending on the initial concentrations of nutrients, duckweed-covered systems can remove nitrate (NO3�) at daily rates of 120–590 mg NO3�m�2 (73%–97% of initial concentration) and phosphate (PO4�) at 14–74 mg PO4�m�2 (63%–99% of initial concentration). Removal efficiencies within 3 days of 96% and 99% have been reported for BOD and ammonia (NH3). Besides several genera of duckweeds (Spirodela, Lemna, Wolffia), other surface-floating aquatic plants like water hyacinth (Eichhornia) are well known for their phyto-remediation qualities.
Intestinal microbiota is a key component of both the metabolism and immunity. These can be helpfu... more Intestinal microbiota is a key component of both the metabolism and immunity. These can be helpful in healthcare, especially for the management of digestive diseases and food-borne illnesses. Through genetic engineering it is possible to fully express biologically active copies of such powerful molecules from food and commensal bacteria. Genetically engineered probiotics can be used to treat inflammatory bowel disorders such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, as well as other disorders that result from an overactive immune system. Genetically modified (GM) probiotics are also used as food additives to control the release of human growth factors by the modified bacteria to fight against injury and inflammation in the gut. For example the use of a plant sugar called xylan to stimulate the genetically modified human gut probiotic bacterium Bacteroides ovatus to produce specific proteins that can repair damaged cells and dampen down the immune system in the intestine that cause...
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