Paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines repetitive peripheral nerve stimulation with... more Paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines repetitive peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), may induce neuroplastic changes in somatosensory cortex (S1), possibly by long-term potentiation-like mechanisms. We used multichannel median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (MN-SSEP) recordings and two-point tactile discrimination testing to examine the location and behavioural significance of these changes. When TMS was applied to S1 near-synchronously to an afferent signal containing mechanoreceptive information, MN-SSEP changes (significant at 21–31 ms) could be explained by a change in a tangential source located in Brodmann area 3b, with their timing and polarity suggesting modification of upper cortical layers. PAS-induced MN-SSEP changes between 28 and 32 ms were linearly correlated with changes in tactile discrimination. Conversely, when the near-synchronous afferent signal contained predominantly proprioceptive information, PAS-induced MN-SSEP changes (20–29 ms) were shifted medially, and tactile performance remained stable. With near-synchronous mechanoreceptive stimulation subtle differences in the timing of the two interacting signals tended to influence the direction of tactile performance changes. PAS performed with TMS delivered asynchronously to the afferent pulse did not change MN-SSEPs. Hebbian interaction of mechanoreceptive afferent signals with TMS-evoked activity may modify synaptic efficacy in superficial cortical layers of Brodmann area 3b and is associated with timing-dependent and qualitatively congruent behavioural changes.
Journal of Physics G-nuclear and Particle Physics, 2004
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interac... more ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experiment was approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The current Volume I contains: a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes.
The [RuCl 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [RuCl 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - and [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [Ru(CN) 6 ] 3 - (aq)... more The [RuCl 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [RuCl 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - and [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [Ru(CN) 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - half redox reactions are investigated using density functional based ab initio molecular dynamics methods. The aim is to understand at a microscopic level how the difference in ...
Paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines repetitive peripheral nerve stimulation with... more Paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines repetitive peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), may induce neuroplastic changes in somatosensory cortex (S1), possibly by long-term potentiation-like mechanisms. We used multichannel median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (MN-SSEP) recordings and two-point tactile discrimination testing to examine the location and behavioural significance of these changes. When TMS was applied to S1 near-synchronously to an afferent signal containing mechanoreceptive information, MN-SSEP changes (significant at 21–31 ms) could be explained by a change in a tangential source located in Brodmann area 3b, with their timing and polarity suggesting modification of upper cortical layers. PAS-induced MN-SSEP changes between 28 and 32 ms were linearly correlated with changes in tactile discrimination. Conversely, when the near-synchronous afferent signal contained predominantly proprioceptive information, PAS-induced MN-SSEP changes (20–29 ms) were shifted medially, and tactile performance remained stable. With near-synchronous mechanoreceptive stimulation subtle differences in the timing of the two interacting signals tended to influence the direction of tactile performance changes. PAS performed with TMS delivered asynchronously to the afferent pulse did not change MN-SSEPs. Hebbian interaction of mechanoreceptive afferent signals with TMS-evoked activity may modify synaptic efficacy in superficial cortical layers of Brodmann area 3b and is associated with timing-dependent and qualitatively congruent behavioural changes.
Journal of Physics G-nuclear and Particle Physics, 2004
ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interac... more ALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. It currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers, from both nuclear and high-energy physics, from about 80 institutions in 28 countries. The experiment was approved in February 1997. The detailed design of the different detector systems has been laid down in a number of Technical Design Reports issued between mid-1998 and the end of 2001 and construction has started for most detectors. Since the last comprehensive information on detector and physics performance was published in the ALICE Technical Proposal in 1996, the detector as well as simulation, reconstruction and analysis software have undergone significant development. The Physics Performance Report (PPR) will give an updated and comprehensive summary of the current status and performance of the various ALICE subsystems, including updates to the Technical Design Reports, where appropriate, as well as a description of systems which have not been published in a Technical Design Report. The PPR will be published in two volumes. The current Volume I contains: a short theoretical overview and an extensive reference list concerning the physics topics of interest to ALICE, relevant experimental conditions at the LHC, a short summary and update of the subsystem designs, and a description of the offline framework and Monte Carlo generators. Volume II, which will be published separately, will contain detailed simulations of combined detector performance, event reconstruction, and analysis of a representative sample of relevant physics observables from global event characteristics to hard processes.
The [RuCl 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [RuCl 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - and [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [Ru(CN) 6 ] 3 - (aq)... more The [RuCl 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [RuCl 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - and [Ru(CN) 6 ] 4 - (aq) → [Ru(CN) 6 ] 3 - (aq) + e - half redox reactions are investigated using density functional based ab initio molecular dynamics methods. The aim is to understand at a microscopic level how the difference in ...
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