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Strong, Twist-Stable Carbon Nanotube Yarns and Muscles by Tension Annealing at Extreme Temperatures

Adv Mater. 2016 Aug;28(31):6598-605. doi: 10.1002/adma.201600628. Epub 2016 May 17.

Abstract

A high-speed incandescent tension annealing process (ITAP) is used to increase the modulus and strength of twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns by up to 12-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively, provide remarkable resistance to oxidation and powerful protonating acids, and freeze yarn untwist. This twist stability enables torsional artificial-muscle motors having improved performance and minimizes problematic untwist during weaving nanotube yarns.

Keywords: artificial muscles; carbon nanotube yarns; cross-linking.