Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that can induce a natural immune response. A number of immunotherapy-based approaches have been developed over the past decades, and certain degrees of effectiveness were achieved by the use of cytokines, adoptive cell transfer and T-cell immune modulators. Currently, interleukin-2 and the immune stimulatory antibody, ipilimumab, are the only two approved immunotherapies for metastatic melanoma, but various new therapies are in promising developmental stages. This comprehensive review will discuss the latest achievements of immunotherapy and emerging directions for the management of advanced melanoma.
MeSH terms
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Adoptive Transfer / methods
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
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Cancer Vaccines / therapeutic use
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Disease-Free Survival
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Female
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Forecasting
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Humans
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Immunotherapy / methods*
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Immunotherapy / trends
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Interleukin-2 / therapeutic use
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Ipilimumab
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Male
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Melanoma / immunology
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Melanoma / mortality
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Melanoma / pathology*
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Melanoma / therapy*
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Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
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Neoplasm Staging
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Prognosis
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Risk Assessment
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Skin Neoplasms / immunology
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Skin Neoplasms / mortality
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Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
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Skin Neoplasms / therapy*
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Survival Analysis
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Cancer Vaccines
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Interleukin-2
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Ipilimumab