Little is known regarding the patterns of dietary intake of the amino acid L-arginine in the general population and, particularly, whether intake varies according to race or the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. This study is an analysis of adults 18 years and older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national public-use nutrition survey of noninstitutionalized persons. Mean arginine intake for the US adult population was 4.40 g/d, with 25% of people consuming less than 2.6 g/d. Minorities, obese individuals, and people with diabetes consumed more arginine per 4.19 kJ than people without those characteristics. Whites had consistently lower intake than African Americans and Hispanics. Smokers had lower intake than nonsmokers. After adjustment for demographic factors and energy intake, women and smokers remained more likely to be in the lowest quartile of arginine consumption. Hypertension status was not significantly related to arginine consumption. In conclusion, L-arginine intake varies according to demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in the population. These results may have implications for cardiovascular risk.