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SOMNUS, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein in Arabidopsis, negatively regulates light-dependent seed germination downstream of PIL5

Plant Cell. 2008 May;20(5):1260-77. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.058859. Epub 2008 May 16.

Abstract

Light absorbed by seed phytochromes of Arabidopsis thaliana modulates abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways at least partly via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3-LIKE5 (PIL5), a phytochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Here, we report a new mutant, somnus (som), that germinates in darkness, independently of various light regimens. SOM encodes a nucleus-localized CCCH-type zinc finger protein. The som mutant has lower levels of ABA and elevated levels of GA due to expressional changes in ABA and GA metabolic genes. Unlike PIL5, however, SOM does not regulate the expression of GA-INSENSITIVE and REPRESSOR OF GA1 (RGA/RGA1), two DELLA genes encoding GA negative signaling components. Our in vivo analysis shows that PIL5 activates the expression of SOM by binding directly to its promoter, suggesting that PIL5 regulates ABA and GA metabolic genes partly through SOM. In agreement with these results, we also observed that the reduced germination frequency of a PIL5 overexpression line is rescued by the som mutation and that this rescue is accompanied by expressional changes in ABA and GA metabolic genes. Taken together, our results indicate that SOM is a component in the phytochrome signal transduction pathway that regulates hormone metabolic genes downstream of PIL5 during seed germination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Abscisic Acid / metabolism
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / growth & development*
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / physiology*
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / physiology*
  • Carrier Proteins / genetics
  • Carrier Proteins / physiology*
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / radiation effects
  • Germination / genetics
  • Germination / physiology*
  • Germination / radiation effects
  • Gibberellins / metabolism
  • Light*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phytochrome / genetics
  • Phytochrome / metabolism
  • Phytochrome / physiology
  • Plants, Genetically Modified
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Seeds / genetics
  • Seeds / growth & development
  • Seeds / metabolism
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Zinc Fingers / genetics

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Gibberellins
  • PIL5 protein, Arabidopsis
  • SOMNUS protein, Arabidopsis
  • Phytochrome
  • Abscisic Acid
  • gibberellic acid