具有局部特性的传感网链路质量估计方法

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 重编程是实现无线传感器网络中软件更新的重要手段。传统的重编程协议性能评价方法仍然存在通过实验床和仿真平台评价其性能的优劣。目前,通过对重编程协议的软件更新过程建模并建立分析模型的性能评价方法,相对于传统的实验床和仿真平台,既能准确灵活地评价大规模部署的网络的性能,又能快速高效地给出性能分析结果,是当前重编程协议性能评价方法的新领域。然而,这一分析模型依赖于传感网链路质量的估计值。当前的传感网链路质量估计方法没有考虑到软件更新过程存在的局部特性,因而网络适应性差,无法广泛使用。提出了一种具有局部特性的网络链路质量估计方法,将软件更新过程中任一节点的局部邻居区域的链路质量期望作为这一节点的局部链路质量,能够更准确地反映软件更新过程的网络特征。使用这一具有局部特性的网络链路质量估计方法计算的估计值,将使得分析模型所计算出的重编程性能指标即完成时间与实验床运行时间的吻合度提高。将这一估计方法应用于分析模型,对线型和网格型网络的分析结果显示,分析结果与实验床的运行结果的误差低于5%。因此,与现有的估计方法相比,提出的方法在线型和网格型网络中适用性更强。

关键词: 无线传感器网络,网络链路质量,局部特性,软件更新,重编程

Abstract: Reprogramming (i.e.code dissemination) is one of the key technologies to enable software update in wireless sensor networks.Traditional code dissemination protocols are evaluated for performance comparisons by simulations and testbed experiments.Recently,the analytical model was proposed to characterize software update and evaluate performance of state-of-the-art code dissemination protocols because the analytical model is both lightweight and accurate for performance evaluation in large scale networks.However,the analytical model depends on estimation of network-wide link quality.The methods used to calculate network-wide link quality in previous analytical models ignore local characteristics in software update,thus the calculated network-wide link qualities are not scalable in different topologies of networks and are not accurate enough.By this observation,a novel method with local characteristics for estimation of network-wide link quality was proposed,which takes the averaged expectation of link qualities of neighborhood nodes from any node as local link quality for that node.Therefore,the proposed method an reflect network-wide software update accurately.When taking the estimated network-wide link quality of this proposed method as input for the analytical model to predict the performance of reprogramming,i.e.completion time of software update,the analytical results match that of testbed experiments with high accuracy.The prediction error of the analytical results is below 5% in linearand grid networks.Therefore,the proposed method is robust and adaptive in both linear and grid networks,compared with existing methods for estimating network-wide link quality.

Key words: Wireless sensor networks,Network link quality,Local characteristics,Software update,Reprogramming

李君伟,李士宁,张羽. 具有局部特性的传感网链路质量估计方法[J]. 计算机科学, 2015, 42(12): 195-200. https://doi.org/

LI Jun-wei, LI Shi-ning and ZHANG Yu. Network Link Quality Estimation with Local Characteristics in WSNs[J]. Computer Science, 2015, 42(12): 195-200. https://doi.org/

参考文献

[1] Jao J,Sun Bo,Wu Kui.A Prototype Wireless Sensor Networkfor Precision Agriculture[C]∥Proceedings of IEEE 33rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW).2013:280-285
[2] Liu Yun-hao,He Yuan,Li Mo,et al.Does Wireless Sensor Network Scale? A Measurement Study on GreenOrbs[J].IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS),2013,24(10):1983-1993
[3] Zhang Jing-jing,Wang Rui,Lu Shi-long,et al.EasiCPRS:Design and Implementation of a Portable Chinese Pulse-wave Retrieval System[C]∥Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys).2011:149-161
[4] 李士宁,等.传感网原理与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014 Li Shi-ning,et al.Sensor Networks:Principles and Technologies[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2014
[5] Wang Qiang,Zhu Yao-yao,Cheng Liang.Reprogramming wireless sensor networks:challenges and approaches[J].IEEE Network,2006,20(3):48-55
[6] 张羽,蒋泽军,周兴社.无线传感器网络重编程技术研究[J].计算机科学,2008,35(5):66-68 Zhang Yu,Jiang Ze-jun,Zhou Xing-she.Reprogramming in Wireless Sensor Networks[J].Computer Science,2008,35(5):66-68
[7] Zhao Zhi-wei,Dong Wei,Bu Jia-jun,et al.Exploiting link correlation for core-based dissemination in wireless sensor networks[C]∥Proceedings of Eleventh Annual IEEE International Sen-sing,Communication,and Networking (SECON).2014:372-380
[8] Hui Jonathan W,Culler D.The Dynamic Behavior of a Data Dissemination Protocol for Network Programming at Scale[C]∥Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys).2004:81-94
[9] Kulkarni S,Wang Li-min.Energy-efficient Multihop Repro-gramming for Sensor Networks[J].ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN),2009,5(2):777-781
[10] Krasniewski M D,Panta R K,Bagchi S,et al.Energy-efficient on-demand reprogramming of large-scale sensor networks[J].ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN),2008,4(1):700-705
[11] Huang Lei-jun,Setia S.CORD:Energy-Efficient Reliable BulkData Dissemination in Sensor Networks[C]∥Proceedings of IEEE 27th Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).2008:1247-1255
[12] Hagedorn A,Starobinski D,Trachtenberg A.Rateless Deluge:Over-the-Air Programming of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Random Linear Codes[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN).2008:457-466
[13] Rossi M,Zanca G,Stabellini L,et al.SYNAPSE:A NetworkReprogramming Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks using Fountain Codes[C]∥Proceedings of 5th Annual IEEE International Sensing,Communication,and Networking (SECON).2008:188-196
[14] Rossi M,Bui N,Zanca G,et al.SYNAPSE++:Code Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fountain Codes[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC),2010,9(12):1749-1765
[15] Dong Wei,Chen Chun,Liu Xue,et al.A Lightweight and Density-Aware Reprogramming Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC),2011,10(10):1403-1415
[16] Philip L,Nelson L,Matt W,et al.TOSSIM:Accurate and Scalable Simulation of Entire TinyOS Applications[C]∥Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys).2003:126-137
[17] The Network Simulator (ns-2).http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
[18] Doddavenkatappa M,Chan M C,Ananda A L.Indriya:A Low-Cost,3D Wireless Sensor Network Testbed[C]∥Proceedings of Tridentcom.2011:302-316
[19] Dong Wei,Chen Chun,Liu Xue,et al.Performance of bulk data dissemination in wireless sensor networks[C]∥Proceedings of Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS).2009:356-369
[20] Dong Wei,Chen Chun,Liu Xue,et al.Bulk data dissemination in wireless sensor networks:Modeling and analysis[J].Computer Networks,2012,56(11):2664-2676
[21] Li Jun-wei,Li Shi-ning,Zhang Yu,et al.Analytical model ofcoding-based reprogramming protocols in lossy wireless sensor networks[C]∥Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).2013:1867-1871
[22] Li Jun-wei,Li Shi-ning,Zhang Yu,et al.Analytical Model of oding-Based Reprogramming Protocols in Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC).2013:1867-1871
[23] 舒坚,刘琳岚,樊佑磊,等.无感知分组丢失下的无线传感器网络链路质量评估模型[J].通信学报,2011,32(4):103-111 Shu Jian,Liu Lin-lan,Fan You-lei,et al.Link quality estimation model for wireless sensor networks under non-perceived packet loss[J].Journal on Communications,2011,32(4):103-111
[24] 张希元,赵海,朱剑,等.基于LQI的链路评估算法及其在WSN中的应用[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(12):1693-1696 Zhang Xi-yuan,Zhao Hai,Zhu Jian,et al.LQI based link evaluation algorithm and its application in wireless sensor networks[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2008,29(12):1693-1696
[25] 段磊,刘琳岚,谌业滨.基于窗口均值的WSNs链路质量评估方法[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(5):495-499 Duan Lei,Liu Lin-lan,Chen Ye-bin.Link quality estimation method for WSNs based on window mean[J].Journal of Nanchang University (Natural Science),2011,35(5):495-499
[26] Umit B C,Ergen S C.Spatio-temporal characteristics of linkquality in wireless sensor networks[C]∥Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).2012:1152-1157

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed