OFFSET
1,5
COMMENTS
a(n,1) = A019590(n) = A008279(1,n). a(n,m) =: S1(-1; n,m), a member of a sequence of lower triangular Jabotinsky matrices, including S1(1; n,m) = A008275 (signed Stirling first kind), S1(2; n,m) = A008297(n,m) (signed Lah numbers). a(n,m) matrix is inverse to signed matrix ((-1)^(n-m))*A001497(n-1,m-1) (signed Bessel triangle). The monic row polynomials E(n,x) := Sum_{m=1..n} a(n,m)*x^m, E(0,x) := 1 are exponential convolution polynomials (see A039692 for the definition and a Knuth reference).
Exponential Riordan array [1+x, x(1+x/2)]. T(n,k) = A001498(k+1, n-k). - Paul Barry, Jan 15 2009
LINKS
G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
Wolfdieter Lang, First 10 rows of the array and more.
Robert S. Maier, Boson Operator Ordering Identities from Generalized Stirling and Eulerian Numbers, arXiv:2308.10332 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 19.
FORMULA
a(n, m) = n!*A030528(n, m)/(m!*2^(n-m)) for n >= m >= 1.
a(n, m) = (2*m-n+1)*a(n-1, m) + a(n-1, m-1) for n >= m >= 1 with a(n, m) = 0 for n < m, a(n, 0) := 0, and a(1, 1) = 1. [The 0th column does not appear in this array. - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 28 2019]
E.g.f. for the m-th column: (x*(1 + x/2))^m/m!.
a(n,m) = A122848(n,m). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 14 2011
EXAMPLE
Triangle a(n,m) (with rows n >= 1 and columns m >= 1) begins as follows:
1; with row polynomial E(1,x) = x;
1, 1; with row polynomial E(2,x) = x^2 + x;
0, 3, 1; with row polynomial E(3,x) = 3*x^2 + x^3;
0, 3, 6, 1; with row polynomial E(4,x) = 3*x^2 + 6*x^3 + x^4;
0, 0, 15, 10, 1;
0, 0, 15, 45, 15, 1;
0, 0, 0, 105, 105, 21, 1;
0, 0, 0, 105, 420, 210, 28, 1;
...
MAPLE
# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
# Adds (1, 0, 0, 0, ..) as column 0.
BellMatrix(n -> `if`(n<2, 1, 0), 9); # Peter Luschny, Jan 28 2016
MATHEMATICA
t[n_, k_] := k!*Binomial[n, k]/((2 k - n)!*2^(n - k)); Table[ t[n, k], {n, 11}, {k, n}] // Flatten
(* Second program: *)
BellMatrix[f_Function, len_] := With[{t = Array[f, len, 0]}, Table[BellY[n, k, t], {n, 0, len-1}, {k, 0, len-1}]];
rows = 13;
M = BellMatrix[If[#<2, 1, 0]&, rows];
Table[M[[n, k]], {n, 2, rows}, {k, 2, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 23 2018, after Peter Luschny *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved