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A002161
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Decimal expansion of square root of Pi.
(Formerly M4332 N1814)
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76
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1, 7, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 8, 5, 0, 9, 0, 5, 5, 1, 6, 0, 2, 7, 2, 9, 8, 1, 6, 7, 4, 8, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 4, 5, 1, 8, 2, 7, 9, 7, 5, 4, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 2, 3, 8, 7, 1, 2, 8, 2, 1, 3, 8, 0, 7, 7, 8, 9, 8, 5, 2, 9, 1, 1, 2, 8, 4, 5, 9, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1, 8, 1, 3, 7, 4, 9, 5, 0, 6, 5, 6, 7, 3, 8, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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The integral of the Gaussian function exp(-x^2) over the real line. - Richard Chapling (r.chappers(AT)gmail.com), Jun 05 2008
Also equals the average distance between two points in two dimensions where coordinates are independent normally distributed random variables with mean 0 and variance 1. - Jean-François Alcover, Oct 31 2014, after Steven Finch
Also diameter of a sphere whose surface area equals Pi^2. More generally, the square root of x is also the diameter of a sphere whose surface area equals x*Pi. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 11 2018
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REFERENCES
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George Boros and Victor H. Moll, Irresistible integrals, Cambridge University Press (2006), p. 190.
W. E. Mansell, Tables of Natural and Common Logarithms. Royal Society Mathematical Tables, Vol. 8, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1964, p. XVIII.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987. See p. 40.
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LINKS
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Donald Knuth, Why pi?, Christmas Tree lecture, Dec 06 2010 (video).
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FORMULA
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Equals (1/2) * Sum_{n>=0} ((-1)^n * (4*n+1) * (1/8)^(n+1) * (2^(n+1))^3 * Gamma(n+1/2)^3 / Gamma(n+1)^3). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Mar 25 2013
Equals Sum_{k>=0} (k+1/2)!/(k+2)!. - Amiram Eldar, Jun 19 2023
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} exp(-x)/sqrt(x) dx. - Michal Paulovic, Sep 24 2023
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EXAMPLE
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1.7724538509055160272981674833411451827975494561223871282138...
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MAPLE
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MATHEMATICA
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RealDigits[N[Sqrt[Pi], 120]][[1]] (* Richard Chapling (r.chappers(AT)gmail.com), Jun 05 2008 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) default(realprecision, 20080); x=sqrt(Pi); for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b002161.txt", n, " ", d)); \\ Harry J. Smith, May 01 2009
(Magma) R:= RealField(100); Sqrt(Pi(R)); // G. C. Greubel, Mar 10 2018
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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